Suarez P, Vallejos-Almirall A, Fernández I, Gonzalez-Chavarria I, Alonso J L, Vidal G
Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-CHILE Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile.
Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), ANID Fondap Center, Victoria 1295, Concepción, Chile.
Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2023 Dec 9;34:e00214. doi: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00214. eCollection 2024 Mar.
and are foodborne parasites known for causing diarrhea. They accumulate in mussels grown on contaminated water bodies, due to the discharge of treated sewage from sewage treatment plants (STP). Despite this, some countries like Chile do not include these parasites in the control or monitoring of sewage water. The objective of this research was to evaluate the contamination of . and from treated sewage (disinfected by chlorination) and Cholga mussels in a touristic rural cove from the bay of Concepción. Cholga mussels from commercial stores and a treated sewage sample were analyzed. spp. was identified by Ziehl-Neelsen-Staining (ZNS) and by direct-immunofluorescence assay (IFA) from ZNS-positive samples. was identified by PCR using locus SSU rDNA. and subtype ST3 were found in 40% and 45% of Cholga mussel samples, respectively, and both parasites were identified in the treated sewage. SSU rDNA gene alignment from Cholga mussels and treated sewage showed 89% of similarity, indicating that could be the same parasite in both samples. We describe the first evidence of possible contamination with these parasites from treated sewage to Cholga mussel suggesting an environmental contamination with high human risk. Based on these results, further studies will consider all the rural coves and STP from the bay to prevent possible contamination of these parasites.
[寄生虫名称1]和[寄生虫名称2]是已知会导致腹泻的食源性寄生虫。它们会在受污染水体中生长的贻贝中积聚，这是由于污水处理厂排放经过处理的污水所致。尽管如此，像智利这样的一些国家并未将这些寄生虫纳入污水控制或监测范围。本研究的目的是评估来自康塞普西翁湾一个旅游乡村海湾经过处理的污水（经氯化消毒）和乔尔加贻贝中[寄生虫名称1]和[寄生虫名称2]的污染情况。对来自商业店铺的乔尔加贻贝和一个经过处理的污水样本进行了分析。通过齐尔-尼尔森染色法（ZNS）鉴定出[寄生虫名称1]，并对ZNS阳性样本通过直接免疫荧光法（IFA）鉴定出[寄生虫名称2]。通过使用小亚基核糖体DNA（SSU rDNA）基因座的聚合酶链反应（PCR）鉴定出[寄生虫名称3]。在40%的乔尔加贻贝样本中发现了[寄生虫名称1]，在45%的样本中发现了[寄生虫名称2]，并且在经过处理的污水中均鉴定出了这两种寄生虫。来自乔尔加贻贝和经过处理的污水的SSU rDNA基因比对显示相似度为89%，这表明在两个样本中可能是同一种寄生虫。我们首次提供了这些寄生虫可能从经过处理的污水污染到乔尔加贻贝的证据，这表明存在具有高人类风险的环境污染。基于这些结果，进一步的研究将考虑该海湾所有的乡村海湾和污水处理厂，以防止这些寄生虫的可能污染。
