Normandin Eve, Houston Denise K, Nicklas Barbara J
Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2015 Jun;4(2):143-155. doi: 10.1007/s13668-015-0123-9.
Most evidence for the health benefits of prescribing caloric restriction (CR) for weight loss is derived from randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) in young/middle-aged adults; there are very few RCTs in older adults in which the isolated effects of CR can be deciphered. The purpose of this review is to summarize the RCT evidence of the benefits (and potential risks) of CR for the treatment of obesity in older adults. We identified only 19 published papers from 10 RCTs ranging from 3 to 18 months that met the criteria of independent effects of a CR component and were conducted in adults with a mean age ≥65 yrs. Overall, the results show a beneficial treatment effect for improving some metabolic, functional and body composition outcomes with few documented risks. However, all outcomes were assessed immediately after treatment cessation. Thus, until additional scientifically rigorous evidence with long-term follow-up is available, the risk-to-benefit ratio of CR for the treatment of obesity in older adults remains unclear.
大多数关于规定热量限制（CR）以减轻体重对健康有益的证据来自于针对年轻/中年成年人的随机对照试验（RCT）；针对老年人的RCT非常少，在这些试验中能够解读出CR的单独效果。本综述的目的是总结CR对治疗老年人肥胖症的益处（以及潜在风险）的RCT证据。我们仅从10项RCT中识别出19篇已发表的论文，这些试验为期3至18个月，符合CR成分独立效果的标准，且针对平均年龄≥65岁的成年人开展。总体而言，结果显示CR对改善一些代谢、功能和身体成分指标具有有益的治疗效果，且记录在案的风险较少。然而，所有指标均在停止治疗后立即进行评估。因此，在获得更多具有科学严谨性且经过长期随访的证据之前，CR治疗老年人肥胖症的风险效益比仍不明确。
