Derose Kathryn Pitkin, Kanouse David E, Bogart Laura M, Griffin Beth Ann, Haas Ann, Stucky Brian D, Williams Malcolm V, Flórez Karen R
RAND Corporation.
Division of General Pediatrics.
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2016 Apr;22(2):185-95. doi: 10.1037/cdp0000062. Epub 2015 Jul 27.
To inform church-based stigma interventions by exploring dimensions of HIV stigma among African American and Latino religious congregants and determining how these are related to drug addiction and homosexuality stigmas and knowing someone HIV-positive.
In-person, self-administered surveys of congregants 18+ years old across 2 African American and 3 Latino churches (n = 1,235, response rate 73%) in a western U.S. city with high HIV prevalence. Measures included 12 items that captured dimensions of HIV stigma, a 5-item scale that assessed attitudes toward people who are addicted to drugs, a 7-item scale assessing attitudes toward homosexuality, and questions regarding sociodemographics and previous communication about HIV.
Of the survey participants, 63.8% were women, mean age was 40.2 years, and 34.4% were African American, 16.8% were U.S.-born Latinos, 16.0% were foreign-born, English-speaking Latinos, and 32.9% were foreign-born, Spanish-speaking Latinos. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified 4 dimensions of HIV stigma: discomfort interacting with people with HIV (4 items, α = .86), feelings of shame "if you had HIV" (3 items, α = .78), fears of rejection "if you had HIV" (3 items, α = .71), and feelings of blame toward people with HIV (2 items, α = .65). Across all dimensions, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and previous communication about HIV, knowing someone with HIV was associated with lower HIV stigma, and greater stigma concerning drug addiction and homosexuality were associated with higher HIV stigma.
Congregation-based HIV stigma reduction interventions should consider incorporating contact with HIV-affected people. It may also be helpful to address attitudes toward drug addiction and sexual orientation. (PsycINFO Database Record
通过探索非裔美国人和拉丁裔宗教信徒中艾滋病病毒污名化的维度，确定这些维度如何与药物成瘾污名化、同性恋污名化以及认识艾滋病病毒呈阳性者相关联，为基于教会的消除污名干预措施提供信息。
在美国西部一个艾滋病病毒感染率较高的城市，对2个非裔美国教会和3个拉丁裔教会中18岁及以上的信徒进行面对面的自填式调查（n = 1235，回复率73%）。测量项目包括12个反映艾滋病病毒污名化维度的条目、一个评估对吸毒成瘾者态度的5条目量表、一个评估对同性恋态度的7条目量表，以及关于社会人口统计学和以往艾滋病病毒相关交流的问题。
在调查参与者中，63.8%为女性，平均年龄为40.2岁，34.4%为非裔美国人，16.8%为在美国出生的拉丁裔，16.0%为出生在国外、说英语的拉丁裔，32.9%为出生在国外、说西班牙语的拉丁裔。探索性和验证性因素分析确定了艾滋病病毒污名化的4个维度：与艾滋病病毒感染者互动时的不适感（4个条目，α = 0.86）、“如果你感染了艾滋病病毒”时的羞耻感（3个条目，α = 0.78）、“如果你感染了艾滋病病毒”时对被拒绝的恐惧（3个条目，α = 0.71）以及对艾滋病病毒感染者的责备感（2个条目，α = 0.65）。在所有维度上，在控制了社会人口统计学特征和以往艾滋病病毒相关交流后，认识艾滋病病毒感染者与较低的艾滋病病毒污名化相关，而对药物成瘾和同性恋的更大污名化与较高的艾滋病病毒污名化相关。
基于教会的减少艾滋病病毒污名化干预措施应考虑纳入与艾滋病病毒感染者的接触。解决对药物成瘾和性取向的态度问题可能也会有所帮助。（PsycINFO数据库记录
