Dickson J C, Liese A D, Lorenzo C, Haffner S M, Watkins S M, Hamren S J, Stiles J K, Wagenknecht L E, Hanley A J
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
BMC Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul 28;15:88. doi: 10.1186/s12876-015-0321-3.
Coffee consumption has been associated with reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) however, the mechanism for this association has yet to be elucidated. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterizes and predicts T2DM yet the relationship of coffee with this disorder remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the associations of coffee with markers of liver injury in 1005 multi-ethnic, non-diabetic adults in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study.
Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 114-item food frequency questionnaire. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and fetuin-A were determined in fasting blood samples and the validated NAFLD liver fat score was calculated. Multivariate linear regression assessed the contribution of coffee to variation in markers of liver injury.
Caffeinated coffee showed significant inverse associations with ALT (β = -0.08, p = 0.0111), AST (β = -0.05, p = 0.0155) and NAFLD liver fat score (β = -0.05, p = 0.0293) but not with fetuin-A (β = 0.04, p = 0.17). When the highest alcohol consumers were excluded, these associations remained (ALT β = -0.11, p = 0.0037; AST β = -0.05, p = 0.0330; NAFLD liver fat score β = -0.06, p = 0.0298). With additional adjustment for insulin sensitivity, the relationship with ALT remained significant (ALT β = -0.08, p = 0.0400; AST β = -0.03, p = 0.20; NAFLD liver fat score β = -0.03, p = 0.27). There were no significant associations of decaffeinated coffee with liver markers.
These analyses indicate a beneficial impact of caffeinated coffee on liver morphology and/or function, and suggest that this relationship may mediate the well-established inverse association of coffee with risk of T2DM.
咖啡消费与2型糖尿病（T2DM）发病风险降低有关，然而，这种关联的机制尚未阐明。非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是T2DM的特征并可预测T2DM，但是咖啡与这种疾病的关系仍不清楚。我们的目的是在胰岛素抵抗动脉粥样硬化研究中，调查1005名多种族、非糖尿病成年人中咖啡与肝损伤标志物之间的关联。
使用经过验证的114项食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入量。在空腹血样中测定丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和胎球蛋白-A，并计算经过验证的NAFLD肝脂肪评分。多变量线性回归评估咖啡对肝损伤标志物变异的影响。
含咖啡因咖啡与ALT（β=-0.08，p=0.0111）、AST（β=-0.05，p=0.0155）和NAFLD肝脂肪评分（β=-0.05，p=0.0293）呈显著负相关，但与胎球蛋白-A无关（β=0.04，p=0.17）。排除饮酒量最高的人群后，这些关联依然存在（ALT β=-0.11，p=0.0037；AST β=-0.05，p=0.0330；NAFLD肝脂肪评分β=-0.06，p=0.0298）。在进一步调整胰岛素敏感性后，与ALT的关系仍然显著（ALT β=-0.08，p=0.0400；AST β=-0.03，p=0.20；NAFLD肝脂肪评分β=-0.03，p=0.27）。脱咖啡因咖啡与肝脏标志物无显著关联。
这些分析表明含咖啡因咖啡对肝脏形态和/或功能具有有益影响，并提示这种关系可能介导了咖啡与T2DM风险之间已确立的负相关。
