Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milan, Milan, Italy.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Nov;11(11):1413-1421.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.04.039. Epub 2013 May 6.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Coffee consumption has been suggested to reduce the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies to provide updated information on how coffee drinking affects HCC risk.
We performed a PubMed/MEDLINE search of the original articles published in English from 1966 through September 2012, on case-control or cohort studies that associated coffee consumption with liver cancer or HCC. We calculated the summary relative risk (RR) for any, low, and high consumption of coffee vs no consumption. The cut-off point for low vs high consumption was set to 3 cups per day in 9 studies and 1 cup per day in 5 studies.
The summary RR for any coffee consumption vs no consumption was 0.60 from 16 studies, comprising a total of 3153 HCC cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.71); the RRs were 0.56 from 8 case-control studies (95% CI, 0.42-0.75) and 0.64 from 8 cohort studies (95% CI, 0.52-0.78). Compared with no coffee consumption, the summary RR was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.61-0.84) for low consumption and 0.44 (95% CI, 0.39-0.50) for high consumption. The summary RR was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.77-0.84) for an increment of 1 cup of coffee per day. The inverse relationship between coffee and HCC risk was consistent regardless of the subjects' sex, alcohol drinking, or history of hepatitis or liver disease.
From this meta-analysis, the risk of HCC is reduced by 40% for any coffee consumption vs no consumption. The inverse association might partly or largely exist because patients with liver and digestive diseases reduce their coffee intake. However, coffee has been shown to affect liver enzymes and development of cirrhosis, and therefore could protect against liver carcinogenesis.
咖啡的摄入被认为可降低肝细胞癌（HCC）的风险。我们进行了一项荟萃分析，以提供有关咖啡摄入如何影响 HCC 风险的最新信息。
我们通过 PubMed/MEDLINE 检索了 1966 年至 2012 年 9 月发表的英文原始文章，这些文章是关于病例对照或队列研究，将咖啡摄入与肝癌或 HCC 相关联。我们计算了任何、低和高咖啡摄入与不摄入咖啡相比的汇总相对风险（RR）。在 9 项研究中，低与高摄入的分界点设定为每天 3 杯，在 5 项研究中设定为每天 1 杯。
来自 16 项研究（包括 3153 例 HCC 病例[95%置信区间（CI）：0.50-0.71]）的汇总 RR 为任何咖啡摄入与不摄入咖啡相比为 0.60；RR 来自 8 项病例对照研究（95%CI：0.42-0.75）为 0.56，来自 8 项队列研究（95%CI：0.52-0.78）为 0.64。与不喝咖啡相比，低摄入的汇总 RR 为 0.72（95%CI：0.61-0.84），高摄入的汇总 RR 为 0.44（95%CI：0.39-0.50）。每天增加 1 杯咖啡的汇总 RR 为 0.80（95%CI：0.77-0.84）。咖啡与 HCC 风险之间的负相关关系无论研究对象的性别、饮酒、肝炎或肝脏疾病史如何均一致。
本荟萃分析显示，与不喝咖啡相比，任何咖啡摄入均可使 HCC 风险降低 40%。这种负相关可能部分或主要是因为患有肝脏和消化系统疾病的患者减少了咖啡摄入量。然而，咖啡已被证明可影响肝脏酶和肝硬化的发展，因此可能对肝癌的发生具有保护作用。
