Stenzel Anna, Liepelt Roman
Institute for Psychology, University of Muenster, Fliednerstraße 21, 48149, Münster, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2016 Sep;80(5):889-903. doi: 10.1007/s00426-015-0684-7. Epub 2015 Jul 28.
Recent studies suggest that co-acting with another person induces a problem to discriminate between one's own and the other's actions which can be resolved by emphasizing action features that discriminate best between both persons' actions in a given task context. Mostly, overt action features like the spatial position of responses have been suggested as discriminating action features. In the present study, we tested whether non-externally perceivable, covert action features can be used for resolving the action discrimination problem during joint action. Therefore, we compared task performance between a joint and an individual version of the Go/Nogo Association Task, a task requiring the association of a valence to the response. We found a larger implicit attitude effect in the joint than in the individual setting for person-related (self and other, Experiment 1) as well as for non-person-related attitude objects (fruit and insect, Experiment 2) suggesting that the weight of valence information is increased in the internal coding of responses when valence discriminates between both responses. In contrast, we found a smaller implicit attitude effect in a person present setting than an individual setting (Experiment 3) indicating that the enhanced implicit attitude effect observed in the joint settings of Experiments 1 and 2 is not due to social facilitation. Our results suggest that action discrimination during joint action can rely on covert action features. The results are in line with the referential coding account, and specify the kind of action features that are represented when sharing a task with another person.
最近的研究表明，与他人共同行动会引发一个问题，即难以区分自己和他人的行动，而在给定的任务情境中，通过强调能最好地区分两人行动的动作特征，可以解决这个问题。大多数情况下，像反应的空间位置等明显的动作特征被认为是区分行动的特征。在本研究中，我们测试了不可从外部感知的隐蔽动作特征是否可用于解决联合行动中的行动区分问题。因此，我们比较了Go/Nogo联想任务的联合版和个体版之间的任务表现，这是一个要求将效价与反应相联系的任务。我们发现，对于与人物相关的（自我和他人，实验1）以及与非人物相关的态度对象（水果和昆虫，实验2），联合情境中的内隐态度效应比个体情境中的更大，这表明当效价在两种反应之间进行区分时，效价信息在反应的内部编码中的权重会增加。相比之下，我们发现有人在场情境中的内隐态度效应比个体情境中的更小（实验3），这表明在实验1和2的联合情境中观察到的增强的内隐态度效应不是由于社会促进作用。我们的结果表明，联合行动中的行动区分可以依赖于隐蔽动作特征。这些结果与参照编码理论相符，并明确了与他人共享任务时所表征的动作特征的类型。
