Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Hubrecht Institute-Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Nat Rev Nephrol. 2015 Sep;11(9):546-54. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.118. Epub 2015 Jul 28.
Adult stem or progenitor cell organoids are 3D adult-organ-derived epithelial structures that contain self-renewing and organ-specific stem or progenitor cells as well as differentiated cells. This organoid culture system was first established in murine intestine and subsequently developed for several other organs and translated to humans. Organoid cultures have proved valuable for basic research and for the study of healthy tissue homeostasis and the biology of disease. In addition, data from proof-of-principle experiments support promising clinical applications of adult stem or progenitor cell organoids. Although renal organoids have many potential applications, an adult stem or progenitor cell organoid culture system has not yet been developed for the kidney. The development of such a system is likely to be challenging because of the intricate renal architecture. Differentiated 3D cultures and stem or progenitor cell 3D sphere cultures are, however, available for the kidney. These cultures indicate the feasibility of renal organoid culture and provide a solid basis for its development. In this Review, we discuss the state-of-the-art of human adult stem or progenitor cell organoid culture and the potential of renal organoids as tools in basic and clinical research.
成人干细胞或祖细胞类器官是源自成人器官的 3D 上皮结构，其中包含自我更新和具有器官特异性的干细胞或祖细胞以及分化细胞。这种类器官培养系统最初在小鼠肠道中建立，随后在其他几种器官中得到发展，并应用于人类。类器官培养已被证明对基础研究和研究健康组织稳态和疾病生物学非常有价值。此外，初步实验数据支持成人干细胞或祖细胞类器官有很有前景的临床应用。尽管肾类器官有许多潜在的应用，但目前尚未开发出用于肾脏的成人干细胞或祖细胞类器官培养系统。由于肾脏结构复杂，开发这样的系统可能具有挑战性。然而，用于肾脏的分化 3D 培养物和干细胞或祖细胞 3D 球体培养物已经存在。这些培养物表明了肾类器官培养的可行性，并为其发展提供了坚实的基础。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了人类成人干细胞或祖细胞类器官培养的最新进展，以及肾类器官作为基础和临床研究工具的潜力。
