Liu Huijun, Zhang Xiaoqiang, Chen Caidong, Du Shaoting, Dong Ying
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2015 Dec;122:83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.010. Epub 2015 Jul 25.
The low volatility of ionic liquids effectively eliminates a major pathway for environmental release and contamination; however, the good solubility, low degree of environmental degradation and biodegradation of ILs may pose a potential threat to the aquatic environment. The growth inhibition of the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus by five 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids (ILs) ([Cnmim]Cl, n=6, 8, 10, 12, 16) was investigated, and the effect on cellular membrane permeability and the ultrastructural morphology by ILs ([Cnmim]Cl, n=8, 12, 16) were studied. The results showed that the growth inhibition rate increased with increasing IL concentration and increasing alkyl chain lengths. The relative toxicity was determined to be [C6mim]Cl<[C8mim]Cl<[C10mim]Cl<[C12mim]Cl<[C16mim]Cl. The algae were most sensitive to imidazolium chloride ILs at 48 h according to the results from the growth inhibition rate and cellular membrane permeability tests. The ultrastructural morphology showed that the ILs had negative effects on the cellular morphology and structure of the algae. The cell wall of treated algae became wavy and separated from the cell membrane. Chloroplast grana lamellae became obscure and loose, osmiophilic material was deposited in the chloroplast, and mitochondria and their cristae swelled. Additionally, electron-dense deposits were observed in the vacuoles.
离子液体的低挥发性有效消除了环境释放和污染的主要途径；然而，离子液体良好的溶解性、较低的环境降解程度和生物降解性可能对水生环境构成潜在威胁。研究了五种1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑氯化物离子液体（[Cnmim]Cl，n = 6、8、10、12、16）对斜生栅藻的生长抑制作用，并研究了[Cnmim]Cl（n = 8、12、16）对细胞膜通透性和超微结构形态的影响。结果表明，生长抑制率随离子液体浓度的增加和烷基链长度的增加而升高。确定相对毒性为[C6mim]Cl < [C8mim]Cl < [C10mim]Cl < [C12mim]Cl < [C16mim]Cl。根据生长抑制率和细胞膜通透性测试结果，藻类在48小时时对氯化咪唑离子液体最为敏感。超微结构形态表明，离子液体对藻类的细胞形态和结构有负面影响。处理后的藻类细胞壁变得波浪状并与细胞膜分离。叶绿体基粒片层变得模糊且松散，嗜锇物质沉积在叶绿体中，线粒体及其嵴肿胀。此外，在液泡中观察到电子致密沉积物。
