Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Jul 15;198:110604. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110604. Epub 2020 Apr 24.
With the extensive use of ionic liquids (ILs) in various industrial fields, their potential toxicity to aquatic ecosystem has attracted considerable attention. In this work, biotoxicity of ILs with different cations and anions was evaluated by using a freshwater green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Results showed that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Cmim]Cl), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Cmim]Cl), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([Cmim]NO), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Cmim]BF), and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Cmim]Cl) had a significant inhibition on the algal growth with EC values of 23.48, 4.72, 3.80, 4.44, and 0.10 mg L at the 72 h of exposure, respectively. These data suggested that the toxicity of ILs increased with the increase of side alkyl chain length, while anions had little influences on their toxicity to this alga. Moreover, changes in chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F/F and Φ) indicated that the five ILs could damage the photosynthetic system of this alga resulting in the decrease of photosynthetic efficiency. The increased soluble protein content and antioxidase activity could be considered as an active response mechanism of this alga against the exposure of ILs. Content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in this alga increased significantly when it was exposed to ILs, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were accumulated in the algal cells, which would cause injury of the algal biofilm and chloroplast. Therefore, results obtained in this work would help to explain the possible underlying toxic mechanisms of ILs to C. pyrenoidosa, and provide a significant theoretical support for assessing the toxicity of ILs to aquatic organisms.
随着离子液体（ILs）在各个工业领域的广泛应用，其对水生生态系统的潜在毒性引起了相当大的关注。在这项工作中，使用淡水绿藻蛋白核小球藻评估了具有不同阳离子和阴离子的 ILs 的生物毒性。结果表明，1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯（[Cmim]Cl）、1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑氯（[Cmim]Cl）、1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑硝酸盐（[Cmim]NO）、1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（[Cmim]BF）和 1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑氯（[Cmim]Cl）对藻类生长有显著抑制作用，暴露 72 小时后 EC 值分别为 23.48、4.72、3.80、4.44 和 0.10mg/L。这些数据表明，ILs 的毒性随侧链烷基长度的增加而增加，而阴离子对其毒性影响较小。此外，叶绿素 a 含量和叶绿素荧光参数（F/F 和 Φ）的变化表明，这五种 ILs 可以破坏藻类的光合作用系统，导致光合作用效率降低。可溶性蛋白质含量和抗氧化酶活性的增加可以被认为是藻类对 ILs 暴露的一种主动响应机制。当藻类暴露于 ILs 时，其丙二醛（MDA）含量显著增加，表明活性氧（ROS）在藻类细胞中积累，这会导致藻类生物膜和叶绿体的损伤。因此，本工作获得的结果有助于解释 ILs 对蛋白核小球藻可能的潜在毒性机制，并为评估 ILs 对水生生物的毒性提供重要的理论支持。
