Ginsberg Rebecca L, Tinker Lesley, Liu Jingmin, Gray James, Sangi-Haghpeykar Haleh, Manson JoAnn E, Margolis Karen L
a Department of Psychology , American University , Washington , DC , USA.
b Charlottesville Psychological Associates , Charlottesville , Washington , Virginia , USA.
Women Health. 2016;56(1):23-47. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2015.1074636. Epub 2015 Jul 28.
Dissatisfaction with one's body image is widespread and can have serious health consequences; however, research about its prevalence and correlates in older women is limited. We analyzed data from 75,256 women participating in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, a longitudinal study of postmenopausal women's health. Measures used in the study were collected at baseline and/or the third year of follow-up between 1993 and 2002. The majority of participants (83%) in this study were dissatisfied with their bodies because they perceived themselves as heavier than their ideal. Overall, the multiple and significant correlates of body image dissatisfaction explained 36.2% of the variance in the body image dissatisfaction score, with body mass index (BMI) and change in BMI being the two most important contributors to explaining the variance. The results of this study suggest future research should focus on the utility of interventions to reduce dissatisfaction with body image in postmenopausal women that target either maintenance of a lower BMI through diet and exercise, and/or body acceptance. Further, future research should aim to identify factors in addition to body size that drive body image dissatisfaction.
对自身身体形象不满的情况普遍存在，且可能会产生严重的健康后果；然而，关于老年女性中这种情况的发生率及其相关因素的研究却很有限。我们分析了参与女性健康倡议观察性研究的75256名女性的数据，该研究是一项关于绝经后女性健康的纵向研究。研究中使用的测量数据在1993年至2002年期间的基线和/或随访的第三年收集。本研究中的大多数参与者（83%）对自己的身体不满意，因为她们觉得自己比理想体重更重。总体而言，身体形象不满的多个显著相关因素解释了身体形象不满得分中36.2%的方差，体重指数（BMI）和BMI的变化是解释方差的两个最重要因素。本研究结果表明，未来的研究应关注针对绝经后女性减少身体形象不满的干预措施的效用，这些干预措施要么通过饮食和运动来维持较低的BMI，和/或接受自己的身体。此外，未来的研究应旨在识别除体型之外导致身体形象不满的因素。
