Ahlin Eileen M, Gibbs Jennifer C, Kavanaugh Philip R, Lee Joongyeup
1 Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, USA.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2017 Feb;61(2):229-245. doi: 10.1177/0306624X15596386. Epub 2016 Jul 28.
Theories of restorative justice suggest that the practice works best when offenders are enmeshed in multiple interdependencies or attachments to others and belong to a culture that facilitates communitarianism instead of individualism. Restorative justice principles and practices are thus believed to be incongruent with the individualistic culture and legal system of the United States, especially compared with that of nations like Australia and Japan. Using a nonprobability convenience sample of students enrolled in a large public university in the United States, our study examines attitudes toward restorative justice as a fair and just process for reintegrating offenders and meeting the needs of victims. Results indicate that our sample holds less punitive attitudes than citizens in either Australia or Japan. Our findings are discussed in light of recent policy shifts in the United States that suggest a concerted move toward decarceration following the 2008 recession.
恢复性司法理论表明，当犯罪者与他人存在多重相互依存关系或情感纽带，并属于一种促进社群主义而非个人主义的文化时，这种做法效果最佳。因此，恢复性司法原则和实践被认为与美国的个人主义文化和法律体系不相容，尤其是与澳大利亚和日本等国家相比。我们的研究以美国一所大型公立大学的学生为非概率便利样本，考察了人们对恢复性司法作为一种公正合理的程序以帮助犯罪者重新融入社会并满足受害者需求的态度。结果表明，我们的样本比澳大利亚或日本的公民持有更少的惩罚性态度。我们根据美国近期的政策转变对研究结果进行了讨论，这些转变表明在2008年经济衰退后，美国朝着减少监禁的方向做出了一致努力。
