提示对四年级儿童饮食回忆准确性的影响取决于记忆间隔且因性别而异。
Effectiveness of Prompts on Fourth-Grade Children's Dietary Recall Accuracy Depends on Retention Interval and Varies by Gender.
作者信息
Baxter Suzanne D, Smith Albert F, Hitchcock David B, Guinn Caroline H, Royer Julie A, Collins Kathleen L, Smith Alyssa L, Puryear Megan P, Vaadi Kate K, Finney Christopher J, Miller Patricia H
机构信息
Institute for Families in Society, College of Social Work, and
Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH; and.
出版信息
J Nutr. 2015 Sep;145(9):2185-92. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.213298. Epub 2015 Jul 29.
BACKGROUND
Dietary recall accuracy is related to retention interval (RI) (i.e., time between to-be-reported meals and the interview), and possibly to prompts. To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated their combined effect.
OBJECTIVE
The combined influence of RI and prompts on children's recall accuracy was investigated in this study. Two RIs [short (prior-24-h recall obtained in afternoon) and long (previous-day recall obtained in morning)] were crossed with 4 prompts [forward (distant-to-recent), meal-name (breakfast, lunch, etc.), open (no instructions), and reverse (recent-to-distant)], creating 8 conditions.
METHODS
Fourth-grade children (n = 480; 50% girls) were randomly selected from consenting children at 10 schools in 4 districts in a southern state during 3 school years (2011-2012, 2012-2013, and 2013-2014). Each child was observed eating school-provided breakfast and lunch, and interviewed one time under 1 of the 8 conditions. Condition assignment was constrained so that each had 60 children (30 girls). Accuracy measures were food-item omission and intrusion rates, and energy correspondence rate and inflation ratio. For each measure, linear models determined effects of RI, prompt, gender, and interactions (2-way, 3-way); race/ethnicity, school year, and district were control variables.
RESULTS
RI (P values < 0.015) and prompt (P values < 0.005) were significant for all 4 accuracy measures. RI × prompt (P values < 0.001) was significant for 3 accuracy measures (not intrusion rate). Prompt × gender (P = 0.005) was significant for omission rate. RI × prompt × gender was significant for intrusion rate and inflation ratio (P values < 0.001). For the short vs. long RI across prompts and genders, accuracy was better by 33-50% for each accuracy measure.
CONCLUSIONS
To obtain the most accurate recalls possible from children, studies should be designed to use a short rather than long RI. Prompts affect children's recall accuracy, although the effectiveness of different prompts depends on RI and varies by gender: at a short RI, the choice of prompts has little systematic effect on accuracy, whereas at a long RI, reverse prompts may elicit the most accurate recalls.
背景
饮食回忆准确性与回忆间隔（RI）（即待报告餐食与访谈之间的时间）有关，可能还与提示有关。据我们所知，尚无研究评估它们的综合影响。
目的
本研究调查了RI和提示对儿童回忆准确性的综合影响。两种回忆间隔[短（下午进行前24小时回忆）和长（上午进行前一天回忆）]与4种提示[正向（从远到近）、餐名（早餐、午餐等）、开放式（无指示）和反向（从近到远）]交叉，形成8种条件。
方法
在3个学年（2011 - 2012年、2012 - 2013年和2013 - 2014年）期间，从南部一个州4个区的10所学校同意参与的儿童中随机选取四年级儿童（n = 480；50%为女孩）。观察每个儿童吃学校提供的早餐和午餐的情况，并在8种条件中的1种条件下对其进行一次访谈。条件分配受到限制，使得每种条件下有60名儿童（30名女孩）。准确性测量指标为食物项目遗漏率和侵入率、能量对应率和膨胀率。对于每个测量指标，线性模型确定了RI、提示、性别和交互作用（双向、三向）的影响；种族/民族、学年和区为控制变量。
结果
对于所有4种准确性测量指标，RI（P值<0.015）和提示（P值<0.005）均具有显著意义。RI×提示（P值<(0.001)）对于3种准确性测量指标具有显著意义（侵入率除外）。提示×性别（P = 0.005）对于遗漏率具有显著意义。RI×提示×性别对于侵入率和膨胀率具有显著意义（P值<0.001）。对于跨提示和性别的短RI与长RI，每种准确性测量指标的准确性提高了33 - 50%。
结论
为了从儿童那里获得尽可能准确的回忆，研究应设计使用短而非长的RI。提示会影响儿童的回忆准确性，尽管不同提示的有效性取决于RI且因性别而异：在短RI时，提示的选择对准确性几乎没有系统影响，而在长RI时，反向提示可能会引出最准确的回忆。
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