Center for the Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA,
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2015 Sep;2(3):329-37. doi: 10.1007/s40572-015-0057-9.
This report is the outcome of the meeting "Environmental and Human Health Consequences of Arsenic" held at the MDI Biological Laboratory in Salisbury Cove, Maine, August 13-15, 2014. Human exposure to arsenic represents a significant health problem worldwide that requires immediate attention according to the World Health Organization (WHO). One billion people are exposed to arsenic in food, and more than 200 million people ingest arsenic via drinking water at concentrations greater than international standards. Although the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a limit of 10 μg/L in public water supplies and the WHO has recommended an upper limit of 10 μg/L, recent studies indicate that these limits are not protective enough. In addition, there are currently few standards for arsenic in food. Those who participated in the Summit support citizens, scientists, policymakers, industry, and educators at the local, state, national, and international levels to (1) establish science-based evidence for setting standards at the local, state, national, and global levels for arsenic in water and food; (2) work with government agencies to set regulations for arsenic in water and food, to establish and strengthen non-regulatory programs, and to strengthen collaboration among government agencies, NGOs, academia, the private sector, industry, and others; (3) develop novel and cost-effective technologies for identification and reduction of exposure to arsenic in water; (4) develop novel and cost-effective approaches to reduce arsenic exposure in juice, rice, and other relevant foods; and (5) develop an Arsenic Education Plan to guide the development of science curricula as well as community outreach and education programs that serve to inform students and consumers about arsenic exposure and engage them in well water testing and development of remediation strategies.
本报告是 2014 年 8 月 13 日至 15 日在缅因州萨利什湾 MDI 生物实验室举行的“砷的环境和人类健康后果”会议的成果。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的说法,人类接触砷是一个全球性的重大健康问题,需要立即引起关注。全世界有 10 亿人在食物中接触砷,超过 2 亿人通过饮用水摄入浓度超过国际标准的砷。尽管美国环境保护署(EPA)已经在公共供水系统中设定了 10μg/L 的限值,世界卫生组织也建议将上限设定为 10μg/L,但最近的研究表明,这些限值还不够保护。此外,目前食品中砷的标准很少。参加峰会的人支持地方、州、国家和国际各级的公民、科学家、政策制定者、工业界和教育工作者:(1) 为在地方、州、国家和全球各级为水和食品中的砷制定基于科学的标准建立证据;(2) 与政府机构合作制定水和食品中砷的法规,建立和加强非监管计划,并加强政府机构、非政府组织、学术界、私营部门、工业界和其他机构之间的合作;(3) 开发用于识别和减少水中砷暴露的新颖和具有成本效益的技术;(4) 开发新颖和具有成本效益的方法,以减少果汁、大米和其他相关食品中的砷暴露;(5) 制定砷教育计划,指导科学课程以及社区外展和教育计划的制定,这些计划旨在向学生和消费者宣传砷暴露问题,并让他们参与井水测试和制定补救策略。