Iachini Tina, Ruggiero Gennaro, Ruotolo Francesco, Schiano di Cola Armando, Senese Vincenzo Paolo
Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy,
Cogn Process. 2015 Sep;16 Suppl 1:255-8. doi: 10.1007/s10339-015-0717-6.
Although the effects of several personality factors on interpersonal space (i.e. social space within personal comfort area) are well documented, it is not clear whether they also extend to peripersonal space (i.e. reaching space). Indeed, no study has directly compared these spaces in relation to personality and anxiety factors even though such a comparison would help to clarify to what extent they share similar mechanisms and characteristics. The aim of the present paper was to investigate whether personality dimensions and anxiety levels are associated with reaching and comfort distances. Seventy university students (35 females) were administered the Big Five Questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; afterwards, they had to provide reachability- and comfort-distance judgments towards human confederates while standing still (passive) or walking towards them (active). The correlation analyses showed that both spaces were positively related to anxiety and negatively correlated with the Dynamism in the active condition. Moreover, in the passive condition higher Emotional Stability was related to shorter comfort distance, while higher cognitive Openness was associated with shorter reachability distance. The implications of these results are discussed.
尽管已有充分文献记载了几种人格因素对人际空间（即个人舒适区内的社交空间）的影响，但尚不清楚这些影响是否也适用于个人周围空间（即触及空间）。事实上，尽管这样的比较有助于阐明它们在多大程度上共享相似的机制和特征，但尚无研究直接比较这些空间与人格和焦虑因素之间的关系。本文的目的是研究人格维度和焦虑水平是否与触及距离和舒适距离相关。70名大学生（35名女性）接受了大五人格问卷和状态-特质焦虑量表的测试；之后，他们需要在静止站立（被动）或朝着他人走去（主动）时，对实验助手给出触及距离和舒适距离的判断。相关分析表明，在主动条件下，这两种空间都与焦虑呈正相关，与活力呈负相关。此外，在被动条件下，较高的情绪稳定性与较短的舒适距离相关，而较高的认知开放性与较短的触及距离相关。本文将讨论这些结果的意义。
