使用儿童依恋与关系创伤筛查量表（CARTS）评估有童年虐待史者的家庭动态。
Assessing the family dynamics of childhood maltreatment history with the Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS).
作者信息
Frewen Paul, Brown Matthew, DePierro Jonathan, D'Andrea Wendy, Schore Allan
机构信息
Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University Canada, London, Ontario, Canada;
Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
出版信息
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2015 Aug 3;6:27792. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v6.27792. eCollection 2015.
BACKGROUND
Existing survey measures of childhood trauma history generally fail to take into account the relational-socioecological environment in which childhood maltreatment occurs. Variables such as the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim, the emotional availability of caregivers, witnessing the abuse of others, and the respondent's own thoughts, feelings, and actions in response to maltreatment are rarely assessed by current measures.
METHODS
To address these concerns, the current study further investigated the family dynamics of childhood maltreatment using the Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS) in 1,782 persons assessed online.
RESULTS
Paired differences in means between item-rated descriptiveness of self, mothers, and fathers suggested that respondents' relationship with their biological fathers was less positive and secure than their relationship with their biological mothers, and that biological fathers were more often the perpetrator of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse than biological mothers. However, results further suggested that ratings between self, mothers, and fathers were positively correlated such that, for example, reports of a mother's or a respondent's own abusive behavior were more likely in the presence of reports of a father's abusive behavior. In addition, analyses evaluating witnessing violence demonstrated that fathers were rated as more often violent toward mothers than the reverse, although intimate partner violence was also frequently bidirectional. Analyses of sibling ratings further demonstrated that older brothers were either as or more frequently abusive when compared with parents. Finally, results suggested that childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse were much more often perpetrated by family members than extra-familial and non-family members.
CONCLUSIONS
In so far as these findings are consistent with the prior childhood trauma and attachment literature, the current study further supports the utility of the CARTS as a means of assessing the family dynamics of childhood attachment and maltreatment within a relational-socioecological framework.
背景
现有的儿童创伤史调查方法通常未能考虑到儿童期虐待发生时的关系性社会生态环境。诸如施虐者与受害者之间的关系、照顾者的情感可及性、目睹他人受虐以及受访者自身对虐待的想法、感受和行为等变量，目前的测量方法很少进行评估。
方法
为解决这些问题，本研究使用儿童依恋与关系创伤筛查量表（CARTS）对1782名在线评估的人员进一步调查了儿童期虐待的家庭动态。
结果
自我、母亲和父亲在项目评分描述性上的均值配对差异表明，受访者与其亲生父亲的关系不如与亲生母亲的关系积极和稳固，而且亲生父亲比亲生母亲更常成为情感、身体和性虐待的施虐者。然而，结果进一步表明，自我、母亲和父亲之间的评分呈正相关，例如，在有父亲虐待行为报告的情况下，母亲或受访者自身虐待行为的报告更有可能出现。此外，评估目睹暴力行为的分析表明，父亲被评为对母亲更常实施暴力，反之亦然，尽管亲密伴侣暴力也经常是双向的。对兄弟姐妹评分的分析进一步表明，与父母相比，哥哥实施虐待的情况相当或更频繁。最后，结果表明，儿童期的情感、身体和性虐待更多是由家庭成员而非家庭外成员和非家庭成员实施的。
结论
鉴于这些发现与先前的儿童创伤和依恋文献一致，本研究进一步支持CARTS作为在关系性社会生态框架内评估儿童依恋和虐待家庭动态的一种手段的效用。
Zotero 插件