Morisi G, Patriarca M, Taggi F
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1989;25(3):449-55.
The measurement of the blood cadmium level is necessary for the biological monitoring of workers or of general populations that are thought to be professionally or environmentally exposed to cadmium. However, since the levels of interest are exceedingly low, the analytical determinations involve considerable problems. With the aim of comparing the performances of the Italian laboratories in the blood cadmium levels determination, a working group of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health) promoted in 1983 a quality control program including the provision of materials for the internal quality control and the performance of bi-monthly or quarterly exercises for the external quality control. The promoting laboratory provided the preparation and distribution of the samples to the laboratories and the processing of the data at the end of each exercise. A global and more thorough evaluation of the performances of each laboratory was carried out at the end of each phase (lasting at least one year), including a graphical evaluation of the results of each laboratory according to a predetermined acceptability criterion and the linear regression analysis. Of the 20 participating laboratories, approximately 50% obtained acceptable results for at least 80% of the examined samples. The mean relative inaccuracy decreased from 36% in the first phase to 20% in the last one. To improve analytical performances, both technologically advanced instrumentations and experienced personnel seem to be necessary.
对于那些被认为在职业或环境中接触镉的工人或普通人群进行生物监测，测量血液中的镉水平是必要的。然而，由于感兴趣的水平极低，分析测定存在相当大的问题。为了比较意大利各实验室在血液镉水平测定方面的表现，意大利国家卫生研究院（Istituto Superiore di Sanità）的一个工作组在1983年发起了一项质量控制计划，包括提供内部质量控制材料以及每两个月或每季度进行一次外部质量控制活动。发起实验室负责样本的制备和分发给各实验室，并在每次活动结束时处理数据。在每个阶段（至少持续一年）结束时，对每个实验室的表现进行了全面且更深入的评估，包括根据预定的可接受标准对每个实验室的结果进行图形评估以及线性回归分析。在20个参与实验室中，约50%的实验室对于至少80%的检测样本获得了可接受的结果。平均相对误差从第一阶段的36%降至最后阶段的20%。为了提高分析性能，技术先进的仪器设备和经验丰富的人员似乎都是必要的。
