Norby Richard J, De Kauwe Martin G, Domingues Tomas F, Duursma Remko A, Ellsworth David S, Goll Daniel S, Lapola David M, Luus Kristina A, MacKenzie A Rob, Medlyn Belinda E, Pavlick Ryan, Rammig Anja, Smith Benjamin, Thomas Rick, Thonicke Kirsten, Walker Anthony P, Yang Xiaojuan, Zaehle Sönke
Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6301, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
New Phytol. 2016 Jan;209(1):17-28. doi: 10.1111/nph.13593. Epub 2015 Aug 6.
The first generation of forest free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments has successfully provided deeper understanding about how forests respond to an increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Located in aggrading stands in the temperate zone, they have provided a strong foundation for testing critical assumptions in terrestrial biosphere models that are being used to project future interactions between forest productivity and the atmosphere, despite the limited inference space of these experiments with regards to the range of global ecosystems. Now, a new generation of FACE experiments in mature forests in different biomes and over a wide range of climate space and biodiversity will significantly expand the inference space. These new experiments are: EucFACE in a mature Eucalyptus stand on highly weathered soil in subtropical Australia; AmazonFACE in a highly diverse, primary rainforest in Brazil; BIFoR-FACE in a 150-yr-old deciduous woodland stand in central England; and SwedFACE proposed in a hemiboreal, Pinus sylvestris stand in Sweden. We now have a unique opportunity to initiate a model-data interaction as an integral part of experimental design and to address a set of cross-site science questions on topics including responses of mature forests; interactions with temperature, water stress, and phosphorus limitation; and the influence of biodiversity.
第一代森林自由空气二氧化碳浓度升高（FACE）实验已成功让人们更深入地了解森林如何应对大气中不断增加的二氧化碳浓度。这些实验位于温带正在生长的林分中，尽管就全球生态系统的范围而言，这些实验的推断空间有限，但它们为测试陆地生物圈模型中的关键假设奠定了坚实基础，这些模型正用于预测森林生产力与大气之间未来的相互作用。如今，新一代在不同生物群落、广泛气候空间和生物多样性条件下的成熟森林中开展的FACE实验，将显著扩大推断空间。这些新实验包括：位于澳大利亚亚热带高度风化土壤上的成熟桉树林中的EucFACE；位于巴西高度多样化的原始雨林中的AmazonFACE；位于英格兰中部一片有150年树龄的落叶林地中的BIFoR-FACE；以及提议在瑞典半北方的樟子松林开展的SwedFACE。我们现在有一个独特的机会，将模型 - 数据交互作为实验设计的一个组成部分来启动，并解决一系列跨站点科学问题，这些问题包括成熟森林的响应；与温度、水分胁迫和磷限制的相互作用；以及生物多样性的影响。
