Brotherton Julia M L, Ogilvie Gina S
aNational HPV Vaccination Program Register, East Melbourne bSchool of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia cSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver dWomen's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Curr Opin Oncol. 2015 Sep;27(5):399-404. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000211.
In this article, we review the impact of the quadrivalent and bivalent prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines on HPV infection and disease, review alternative vaccine dosing schedules, the vaccination of men and the nine-valent HPV vaccine.
HPV vaccines have had dramatic impacts on the prevalence of targeted HPV types (6,11,16 and 18), genital warts and precancerous cervical lesions. Population coverage would be facilitated by adopting two-dose schedules, with recent findings that two-dose schedules in young adolescents are as immunogenic as three doses in young adults. Extension of vaccination to men, particularly for men who have sex with men, could further reduce population prevalence of HPV and provide direct protection to men against genital warts and anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancers. The nine-valent HPV vaccine has demonstrated equivalent protection against the four types in the quadrivalent vaccine and high efficacy against the next five commonest causes of cervical cancer (HPV types 31,33,45,52 and 58). If cost-effective, it may extend the spectrum of protection against cervical cancer available through vaccination.
HPV vaccination is an effective strategy for reducing the burden of HPV-related disease. New schedules, target populations and vaccines promise to expand this potential further.
在本文中，我们回顾了四价和二价预防性人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗对HPV感染和疾病的影响，探讨了替代疫苗接种方案、男性接种情况以及九价HPV疫苗。
HPV疫苗对目标HPV型别（6、11、16和18型）的流行率、尖锐湿疣和宫颈癌前病变产生了显著影响。采用两剂接种方案有助于提高人群覆盖率，近期研究发现，青少年的两剂接种方案与成年人的三剂接种方案具有相同的免疫原性。将疫苗接种扩展至男性，尤其是男男性行为者，可进一步降低HPV在人群中的流行率，并为男性提供针对尖锐湿疣、肛门癌、阴茎癌和口咽癌的直接保护。九价HPV疫苗已证明对四价疫苗中的四种型别具有同等保护作用，并且对接下来五种最常见的宫颈癌病因（HPV 31、33、45、52和58型）具有高效力。如果具有成本效益，它可能会扩大通过接种疫苗预防宫颈癌的保护范围。
HPV疫苗接种是减轻HPV相关疾病负担的有效策略。新的接种方案、目标人群和疫苗有望进一步拓展这一潜力。
