Verbitskaia L B, Fedorenko B S, Kabitsyna R A
Kosm Biol Aviakosm Med. 1989 Nov-Dec;23(6):71-7.
The cerebellar cortex of rats irradiated with carbon ion fluxes of 320 Mev/nuclon and 60Co gamma-radiation was examined by light and electron microscopy 1, 3 or 6 months after exposure. Carbon ions induced the greatest pathomorphological changes. A month after exposure the changes were diffuse and reversible while 3 and, especially, 6 months after irradiation they were focal disorders, a large portion of which being irreversible. 3 and 6 months after exposure some structures of the cerebellar cortex showed destructive while others exhibited reparative changes. Structural disorders in various nerve and glial cells were of different type. Disorders of the Purkinje cells were of the dark type and those of adjacent Bergmann glial cells of the light type. In the granular layer, neurons showed light type changes and adjacent oligodendrocytes, a densely packed karyo- and cytoplasm and a higher osmiophilia. It can be assumed that the above changes are to maintain disordered neuronal functions, including cell interactions. Study of time course variations in the neuronal and glial ultrastructure of the cerebellar cortex of irradiated animals shows an increase of destructive changes with time. This investigation has demonstrated that CNS cells may be damaged long after exposure even to small fluxes of heavy charged particles.
在暴露后1、3或6个月，通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜检查了接受320兆电子伏/核子碳离子束和60钴γ射线照射的大鼠小脑皮质。碳离子引起的病理形态学变化最大。暴露后1个月，变化是弥漫性且可逆的，而照射后3个月，尤其是6个月，变化是局灶性病变，其中很大一部分是不可逆的。暴露后3个月和6个月，小脑皮质的一些结构显示出破坏性变化，而其他结构则呈现修复性变化。各种神经细胞和神经胶质细胞的结构紊乱类型不同。浦肯野细胞的紊乱属于暗型，相邻的伯格曼神经胶质细胞的紊乱属于亮型。在颗粒层，神经元显示亮型变化，相邻的少突胶质细胞则细胞核和细胞质密集堆积，嗜锇性更高。可以推测，上述变化是为了维持包括细胞相互作用在内的神经元功能紊乱。对受照射动物小脑皮质神经元和神经胶质超微结构随时间变化过程的研究表明，随着时间的推移，破坏性变化会增加。这项研究表明，即使暴露于小剂量的重带电粒子后很长时间，中枢神经系统细胞仍可能受到损伤。
