D'souza Naomi, Rossignoli Filippo, Golinelli Giulia, Grisendi Giulia, Spano Carlotta, Candini Olivia, Osturu Satoru, Catani Fabio, Paolucci Paolo, Horwitz Edwin M, Dominici Massimo
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
The Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
BMC Med. 2015 Aug 12;13:186. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0426-0.
Regenerative medicine relying on cell and gene therapies is one of the most promising approaches to repair tissues. Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC), a population of progenitors committing into mesoderm lineages, are progressively demonstrating therapeutic capabilities far beyond their differentiation capacities. The mechanisms by which MSC exert these actions include the release of biomolecules with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, anti-fibrogenic, and trophic functions. While we expect the spectra of these molecules with a therapeutic profile to progressively expand, several human pathological conditions have begun to benefit from these biomolecule-delivering properties. In addition, MSC have also been proposed to vehicle genes capable of further empowering these functions. This review deals with the therapeutic properties of MSC, focusing on their ability to secrete naturally produced or gene-induced factors that can be used in the treatment of kidney, lung, heart, liver, pancreas, nervous system, and skeletal diseases. We specifically focus on the different modalities by which MSC can exert these functions. We aim to provide an updated understanding of these paracrine mechanisms as a prerequisite to broadening the therapeutic potential and clinical impact of MSC.
依靠细胞和基因疗法的再生医学是修复组织最有前景的方法之一。多能间充质干/基质细胞（MSC）是一群可分化为中胚层谱系的祖细胞，正逐渐展现出远超其分化能力的治疗潜力。MSC发挥这些作用的机制包括释放具有抗炎、免疫调节、抗纤维化和营养功能的生物分子。虽然我们预计这些具有治疗特性的分子种类会不断增加，但已有几种人类病理状况开始受益于这些生物分子传递特性。此外，MSC也被认为可作为载体携带能够进一步增强这些功能的基因。本综述探讨了MSC的治疗特性，重点关注其分泌天然产生或基因诱导因子的能力，这些因子可用于治疗肾脏、肺部、心脏、肝脏、胰腺、神经系统和骨骼疾病。我们特别关注MSC发挥这些功能的不同方式。我们旨在更新对这些旁分泌机制的理解，以此作为扩大MSC治疗潜力和临床影响的前提条件。
