死亡写在脸上。
Mortality is Written on the Face.
作者信息
Gunn David Andrew, Larsen Lisbeth Aagaard, Lall Jaspal Singh, Rexbye Helle, Christensen Kaare
机构信息
Unilever Research and Development, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK.
The Danish Twin Registry and The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.
出版信息
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016 Jan;71(1):72-7. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glv090. Epub 2015 Aug 11.
BACKGROUND
It is unknown whether facial or surrounding (eg, hair and clothing) cues have the strongest influence on the perceived age of subjects in photographic images, and which drives links between perceived age and survival.
METHODS
In 2001, 187 Danish twin pairs (n = 374) aged 70+ years were photographed generating passport-type images. The faces of the twins in these images were swapped creating two new images per twin pair (748 images in total). Ten nurses rated the perceived age of the twin from the original and swapped facial images. The survival of the twins was determined through to the end of 2013.
RESULTS
Changing the face or its surrounding significantly changed the perceived age of the images, with only a marginal difference between their effect sizes (difference of 0.5 years, 95% confidence interval CI -0.1 to 1.1). Perceived age, adjusting for chronological age, and sex, was a predictor of survival up to 7 years (hazard ratio 1.17, 95% CI 1.10-1.25) and also 7-12 years (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.12) after the photographs were taken. Where the older looking twin died first they had a significantly older looking face (1.4 years older, 95% CI 0.3-2.6) but not surrounding (0.3 years older, 95% CI -0.8 to 1.4) compared to where the older looking twin died second.
CONCLUSIONS
Facial visual cues but not hair or clothing cues drive the link between perceived age and survival.
背景
在照片中，面部线索或周围线索（如头发和衣物）对人们感知到的受试者年龄的影响是否最为强烈，以及哪一种线索促使了感知年龄与生存率之间的联系，目前尚不清楚。
方法
2001年，对187对年龄在70岁及以上的丹麦双胞胎（共374人）进行拍照，生成护照式照片。将这些照片中双胞胎的面部进行交换，为每对双胞胎创建两张新照片（共748张照片）。十名护士对原始面部照片和交换面部照片中双胞胎的感知年龄进行评分。跟踪双胞胎至2013年底以确定其生存情况。
结果
改变面部或其周围环境会显著改变照片的感知年龄，但其效应大小之间的差异很小（相差0.5岁，95%置信区间CI为-0.1至1.1）。在调整了实际年龄和性别后，感知年龄是拍照后长达7年（风险比1.17，95%CI为1.10-1.25）以及7至12年（风险比1.06，95%CI为1.00-1.12）生存率的一个预测指标。与看起来年龄较大的双胞胎后去世的情况相比，当看起来年龄较大的双胞胎先去世时，他们的面部看起来明显更老（大1.4岁，95%CI为0.3-2.6），但周围环境并非如此（大0.3岁，95%CI为-0.8至1.4）。
结论
面部视觉线索而非头发或衣物线索促使了感知年龄与生存率之间的联系。
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