Anooshian L J, Mammarella S L, Hertel P T
Trinity University.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1989;29(1):39-52. doi: 10.2190/ERPX-9NU8-HNRM-QXTR.
We assessed knowledge of retrieval processes in young (25-35 years) and old adults (70-85 years). Both feeling-of-knowing judgments and retrieval monitoring were examined with a set of questions about recent news events. For answers that participants initially failed to recall, they rated their feeling-of-knowing as well as made predictions regarding the likelihood of recalling the answer with the aid of a specified type of retrieval cue (retrieval monitoring). Accuracy was evaluated in the context of later recall or recognition performance. We found age group differences in the accuracy of retrieval monitoring, free recall, and recall aided by phonological cues. Using a separate inventory, we found no evidence for age group differences in participants' knowledge of general retrieval principles.
我们评估了年轻人（25至35岁）和老年人（70至85岁）对检索过程的了解。通过一组关于近期新闻事件的问题，对知晓感判断和检索监控进行了检验。对于参与者最初未能回忆起的答案，他们对自己的知晓感进行评分，并预测借助特定类型的检索线索（检索监控）回忆起答案的可能性。在随后的回忆或识别表现的背景下评估准确性。我们发现，在检索监控、自由回忆以及语音线索辅助回忆的准确性方面存在年龄组差异。使用单独的一份清单，我们没有发现年龄组在参与者对一般检索原则的了解方面存在差异的证据。
