LPS Up-Regulates ICAM-1 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells by Stimulating a MyD88-BLT2-ERK-Linked Cascade, Which Promotes Adhesion to Monocytes.

Monocytes are the major inflammatory cells that infiltrate most solid tumors in humans. The interaction of tumor cells with infiltrating monocytes and their adhesion to these monocytes play a significant role in altering the tumor to become more aggressive. Recently, exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was suggested to promote cancer cell adhesion to monocytes; however, little is known about the details of the signaling mechanism involved in this process. In this study, we found that LPS up-regulates ICAM-1 expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, which facilitates their adhesion to THP-1 monocytes. In addition, we analyzed the signaling mechanism underlying the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and found that the siRNA-mediated depletion of BLT2 markedly suppressed the LPS-induced expression of ICAM-1 in MDA-MB-231 cells and the subsequent adhesion of these cells to THP-1 monocytes. Moreover, we demonstrated that myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) lies downstream of LPS/TLR4 and upstream of BLT2 and that this 'MyD88-BLT2' cascade mediates ERK activation and subsequent ICAM-1 expression, which is critical for the adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells to THP-1 monocytes. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that LPS up-regulates ICAM-1 expression in breast cancer cells via a MyD88-BLT2-ERK-linked signaling cascade, leading to the increased adhesion of breast cancer cells to monocytes.