Takemoto Hiroyuki, Takabayashi Junji
Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan.
Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
J Chem Ecol. 2015 Sep;41(9):801-7. doi: 10.1007/s10886-015-0615-5. Epub 2015 Aug 25.
Arthropodal natural enemies respond to volatiles from plants infested by their prey/host herbivores (herbivore-induced plant volatiles; HIPVs). However, the relative importance of HIPV blends vs. each compound in the blend in attracting natural enemies is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the response of a parasitic wasp, Aphidius ervi, to HIPVs that were specific or nonspecific to infestations by its host aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. To select such compounds, we compared the volatiles emitted from broad bean plants infested by either A. pisum (host) or by Aphis craccivora (nonhost), and selected the host-specific HIPVs β-myrcene, n-octanal, and α-phellandrene, and host-nonspecific HIPVs (E)-β-ocimene, γ-terpinene, and linalool as test compounds. For each compound, we used a range that covered the amounts emitted from infested broad bean plants for bioassays. Female wasps preferred n-octanal and (E)-β-ocimene at 10-ng and 30-ng doses over clean air. Interestingly, the wasps preferred α-phellandrene at 0.1-ng and 30-ng doses, but not at 1-ng and 10-ng doses. The wasps repelled linalool over clean air at 1-ng and 0.1-ng doses. We then mixed the equivalent amounts of the six compounds to test the effect of the blend. The wasps responded to a blend of six HIPV components at all concentrations tested (0.001 ng each to 5 ng each). These results suggested that the blend provided more useful information for female wasps than the individual compounds. The possible use of the single component and the blend for the biological control of A. ervi is discussed.
节肢动物天敌会对被其猎物/寄主食草动物侵害的植物所释放的挥发性物质（食草动物诱导的植物挥发物；HIPVs）产生反应。然而，HIPV混合物与混合物中每种化合物在吸引天敌方面的相对重要性尚未完全明确。在本研究中，我们调查了寄生蜂豌豆蚜茧蜂对其寄主蚜虫豌豆蚜侵害所特有的或非特有的HIPVs的反应。为了挑选此类化合物，我们比较了被豌豆蚜（寄主）或豆蚜（非寄主）侵害的蚕豆植株所释放的挥发性物质，并挑选出寄主特异性HIPVsβ-月桂烯、正辛醛和α-水芹烯，以及寄主非特异性HIPVs（E）-β-罗勒烯、γ-萜品烯和芳樟醇作为测试化合物。对于每种化合物，我们采用了涵盖受侵害蚕豆植株释放量范围的浓度进行生物测定。雌蜂在10纳克和30纳克剂量时比清洁空气更喜欢正辛醛和（E）-β-罗勒烯。有趣的是，雌蜂在0.1纳克和30纳克剂量时更喜欢α-水芹烯，但在1纳克和10纳克剂量时并非如此。雌蜂在1纳克和0.1纳克剂量时对芳樟醇的反应是排斥它，而更喜欢清洁空气。然后我们将等量的六种化合物混合以测试混合物的效果。雌蜂在所有测试浓度（每种0.001纳克至5纳克）下都对六种HIPV成分的混合物有反应。这些结果表明，混合物为雌蜂提供了比单一化合物更多的有用信息。本文还讨论了单一成分和混合物在豌豆蚜茧蜂生物防治中的可能应用。
