β-Cyclodextrin-Linked Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles Facilitate Gene Transfer and Enhance the Angiogenic Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Wound Repair and Regeneration.

Repair of deep wounds by cell transplantation strongly depends on angiogenesis and on the regeneration of skin and appendages. In this study, plasmid DNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF-165) was transduced into bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a nonviral vector, β-cyclodextrin-linked polyethylenimine, to enhance angiogenic capacity. The effects of MSCs administered by intradermal injection or transplantation on wound closure were compared in a full-thickness excision wound model. The results showed that the MSC-seeded sponge had significantly stronger acceleration in wound closure than the MSC injection. The effects on wound repair and regeneration of transplanted MSCs and pDNA-VEGF1 65-transfected MSCs (TMSCs) with gelatin/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold were also investigated. Compared with MSC transplantation, TMSC transplantation showed higher efficacy in stimulating wound closure, promoting dermal collagen synthesis and regulating the deposition of newly formed collagen. In addition, the angiogenic capacity of the TMSCs was higher than that of the MSCs. The results indicate that the nonviral genetic engineering of the MSCs is a promising strategy to enhance the angiogenic capacity of MSCs for wound repair and angiogenesis. Functional gene-activated MSCs may be used as cost-effective and accessible seed cells for skin tissue engineering and as novel carriers for wound gene therapy.