Ferdaus Sonia I, Kohno Kunie, Hamano Tsuyoshi, Takeda Miwako, Yamasaki Masayuki, Isomura Minoru, Shiwaku Kuninori, Nabika Toru
Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Hypertens Res. 2015 Dec;38(12):895-8. doi: 10.1038/hr.2015.91. Epub 2015 Aug 27.
There is increasing evidence of an association between residential environments and hypertension. As shown in our previous study, the inconvenience of the locations of residential areas may be one of the factors influencing the blood pressures of inhabitants. Salt intake is one of the likely mediators between inconvenience and hypertension. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the association between the altitudes of residential areas and salt intake in a rural Japanese region because altitude may be one of the proxies for inconvenience. In this cross-sectional study, 1016 participants living in a mountainous region in Japan were recruited during health examinations. The altitude of each participant's residence was estimated using a geographic information system. Subjects were divided into quartile groups according to the altitudes of their residences. To evaluate salt intake, we employed the 24-h salt intake estimation of Kawano et al. (e24-h salt intake) and the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (uNa/K). Linear regression analyses indicated that altitude was an independent factor influencing both e24-h salt intake and uNa/K after adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, triglycerides and county of residence. The same result was observed when the subjects who did not take antihypertensive medications were analyzed (N=633). The present study indicated that altitude of residence had a significant positive influence on salt intake in a rural area of Japan.
居住环境与高血压之间的关联证据越来越多。正如我们之前的研究所表明的，居民区位置不便可能是影响居民血压的因素之一。盐摄入量可能是不便与高血压之间的中介因素之一。因此，在本研究中，我们评估了日本农村地区居民区海拔与盐摄入量之间的关联，因为海拔可能是不便程度的替代指标之一。在这项横断面研究中，在健康检查期间招募了1016名居住在日本山区的参与者。使用地理信息系统估计每位参与者住所的海拔。根据住所海拔将受试者分为四分位数组。为了评估盐摄入量，我们采用了川野等人的24小时盐摄入量估计值（e24-h盐摄入量）和尿钠钾比值（uNa/K）。线性回归分析表明，在对年龄、性别、体重指数、身体活动、饮酒量、甘油三酯和居住县进行调整后，海拔是影响e24-h盐摄入量和uNa/K的独立因素。对未服用抗高血压药物的受试者（N=633）进行分析时，观察到了相同的结果。本研究表明，在日本农村地区，居住海拔对盐摄入量有显著的正向影响。
