Zhang Qin-di, Jia Rui-Zhi, Meng Chao, Ti Chao-Wen, Wang Yi-Ling
College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China.
College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China
AoB Plants. 2015 Aug 26;7:plv103. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plv103.
Knowledge of the genetic diversity and structure of tree species across their geographic ranges is essential for sustainable use and management of forest ecosystems. Acer grosseri Pax., an economically and ecologically important maple species, is mainly distributed in North China. In this study, the genetic diversity and population differentiation of 24 natural populations of this species were evaluated using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers and morphological characters. The results show that highly significant differences occurred in 32 morphological traits. The coefficient of variation of 34 characters was 18.19 %. Principal component analysis indicated that 18 of 34 traits explained 60.20 % of the total variance. The phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) was 36.06 % for all morphological traits. The Shannon-Wiener index of 34 morphological characters was 6.09, while at the population level, it was 1.77. The percentage of polymorphic bands of all studied A. grosseri populations was 82.14 %. Nei's gene diversity (He) and Shannon's information index (I) were 0.35 and 0.50, respectively. Less genetic differentiation was detected among the natural populations (GST = 0.20, ΦST = 0.10). Twenty-four populations of A. grosseri formed two main clusters, which is consistent with morphological cluster analysis. Principal coordinates analysis and STRUCTURE analysis supported the UPGMA-cluster dendrogram. There was no significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances among populations. Both molecular and morphological data suggested that A. grosseri is rich in genetic diversity. The high level of genetic variation within populations could be affected by the biological characters, mating system and lifespan of A. grosseri, whereas the lower genetic diversity among populations could be caused by effective gene exchange, selective pressure from environmental heterogeneity and the species' geographical range.
了解树种在其地理分布范围内的遗传多样性和结构对于森林生态系统的可持续利用和管理至关重要。粗柄槭是一种具有经济和生态重要性的槭树物种，主要分布在中国北方。在本研究中，利用序列相关扩增多态性标记和形态特征对该物种的24个自然种群的遗传多样性和种群分化进行了评估。结果表明，32个形态性状存在极显著差异。34个性状的变异系数为18.19%。主成分分析表明，34个性状中的18个解释了总变异的60.20%。所有形态性状的表型分化系数（VST）为36.06%。34个形态性状的香农-维纳指数为6.09，而在种群水平上为1.77。所有研究的粗柄槭种群的多态性条带百分比为82.14%。内氏基因多样性（He）和香农信息指数（I）分别为0.35和0.50。在自然种群中检测到的遗传分化较小（GST = 0.20，ΦST = 0.10）。24个粗柄槭种群形成了两个主要聚类，这与形态聚类分析一致。主坐标分析和STRUCTURE分析支持UPGMA聚类树状图。种群间的遗传距离和地理距离之间没有显著相关性。分子和形态数据均表明粗柄槭具有丰富的遗传多样性。种群内高水平的遗传变异可能受粗柄槭的生物学特性、交配系统和寿命的影响，而种群间较低的遗传多样性可能是由有效的基因交换、环境异质性的选择压力和该物种的地理分布范围造成的。
