Wilson D B
Head Neck Surg. 1979 Sep-Oct;2(1):59-66. doi: 10.1002/hed.2890020109.
The embryology of the branchial (pharyngeal) region is reviewed in terms of the embryonic pharynx, branchial apparatus and derivatives, tongue, larynx, and trachea. Derivatives of the branchial pouches, grooves (clefts), and arches are analyzed in relation to each other and to the first arch syndrome. Other common head and neck defects attributable to abnormal development of the branchial region are also discussed, particularly those defects involving the incomplete degeneration or the abnormal migration of branchial tissues.
本文从胚胎咽、鳃器及其衍生物、舌、喉和气管等方面综述了鳃（咽）区的胚胎学。分析了鳃囊、鳃沟（裂）和鳃弓的衍生物之间的关系以及与第一鳃弓综合征的关系。还讨论了由于鳃区发育异常导致的其他常见头颈部缺陷，特别是那些涉及鳃组织不完全退化或异常迁移的缺陷。
