Mattera Robert, Molnar Thomas, Struwe Lena
Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA ; Graduate Program in Plant Biology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
PhytoKeys. 2015 Aug 5(55):93-111. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.55.9112. eCollection 2015.
Big-bracted dogwoods (Cornus sp.) are well-known plants in North America and eastern Asia where they occur as wild, generally spring-flowering understory trees. They are also popular ornamental landscape plants, and many economically important cultivars are propagated and sold across North America, Europe, and Asia. Starting in the late 1960s, Elwin Orton of Rutgers University in New Jersey (USA) utilized three geographically disjunct species of dogwoods, Cornusflorida (eastern North America), Cornusnuttallii (western North America), and Cornuskousa (East Asia), in an extensive interspecific hybridization program. He was successful in developing the first-ever interspecific F1 hybrids of these species, several of which have become staple items in the ornamental nursery trade due to their enhanced ornamental qualities and resistance to diseases. The original F1 plants are still alive at Rutgers University. While they have been available for decades in horticultural commerce, the interspecific hybrid crosses were never formally described and their scientific hybrid names were never published. For the Cornuskousa × Cornusflorida hybrids, the name Cornus 'rutgersensis' has been used on occasion in the horticultural trade, but without proper citation and description. Here, it is formally named Cornus×rutgersensis Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe, hybr. nov. For the Cornuskousa × Cornusnuttallii hybrids, no previous name has been used, and it is hereby named Cornus×elwinortonii Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe, hybr. nov. The need for providing scientific names for commonly used horticultural hybrids is discussed. Holotype material for both hybrid names was collected from the original F1 hybrids for full documentation, typification, and description. The comparative intermediate development of leaves, inflorescence structures, and fruit types of the hybrids and their parents is discussed and illustrated. Etymology, phenology, and cultivation aspects of these hybrids and their cultivars including backcrosses to Cornuskousa are also presented.
大苞片山茱萸（山茱萸属）是北美和东亚著名的植物，它们作为野生植物出现，通常是春季开花的林下树木。它们也是受欢迎的观赏园林植物，许多具有重要经济价值的栽培品种在北美、欧洲和亚洲繁殖和销售。从20世纪60年代末开始，美国新泽西州罗格斯大学的埃尔文·奥顿在一项广泛的种间杂交计划中，利用了三种地理上不连续分布的山茱萸物种，即北美东部的弗吉尼亚山茱萸、北美西部的纳氏山茱萸和东亚的四照花。他成功培育出了这些物种的首个种间F1杂种，其中一些因其增强的观赏品质和抗病性而成为观赏苗圃贸易中的主要品种。最初的F1植株仍存活于罗格斯大学。虽然它们在园艺商业中已有数十年，但种间杂交组合从未被正式描述，其科学杂交名称也从未发表。对于四照花×弗吉尼亚山茱萸杂种，“rutgersensis”山茱萸这个名称在园艺贸易中偶尔被使用，但没有适当的引用和描述。在此正式命名为Cornus×rutgersensis Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe, hybr. nov.。对于四照花×纳氏山茱萸杂种，之前没有使用过名称，在此命名为Cornus×elwinortonii Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe, hybr. nov.。讨论了为常用园艺杂种提供科学名称的必要性。两个杂交名称的模式标本均从最初的F1杂种中采集，以进行完整的记录、模式指定和描述。讨论并展示了杂种及其亲本叶片、花序结构和果实类型的比较中间发育情况。还介绍了这些杂种及其品种（包括与四照花回交的品种）的词源、物候和栽培方面。
