Gundert-Remy U, Barth H, Bürkle A, Degen G H, Landsiedel R
Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Arch Toxicol. 2015 Oct;89(10):1881-93. doi: 10.1007/s00204-015-1577-7. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
The paper describes the importance of toxicology as a discipline, its past achievements, current scientific challenges, and future development. Toxicological expertise is instrumental in the reduction of human health risks arising from chemicals and drugs. Toxicological assessment is needed to evaluate evidence and arguments, whether or not there is a scientific base for concern. The immense success already achieved by toxicological work is exemplified by reduced pollution of air, soil, water, and safer working places. Predominantly predictive toxicological testing is derived from the findings to assess risks to humans and the environment. Assessment of the adversity of molecular effects (including epigenetic effects), the effects of mixtures, and integration of exposure and biokinetics into in vitro testing are emerging challenges for toxicology. Toxicology is a translational science with its base in fundamental science. Academic institutions play an essential part by providing scientific innovation and education of young scientists.
本文描述了毒理学作为一门学科的重要性、其过去的成就、当前的科学挑战以及未来的发展。毒理学专业知识有助于降低化学品和药物对人类健康造成的风险。需要进行毒理学评估以评估证据和论点，无论是否存在值得关注的科学依据。毒理学工作已经取得的巨大成功体现在空气、土壤、水的污染减少以及工作场所更安全。主要基于研究结果进行预测性毒理学测试，以评估对人类和环境的风险。评估分子效应（包括表观遗传效应）的不利影响、混合物的影响以及将暴露和生物动力学纳入体外测试是毒理学面临的新挑战。毒理学是一门以基础科学为基础的转化科学。学术机构通过提供科学创新和培养年轻科学家发挥着至关重要的作用。
