Sybilski Adam J, Zalewska Marta, Furmańczyk Konrad, Lipiec Agnieszka, Krzych-Fałta Edyta, Samoliński Bolesław
Department of the Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Allergy Asthma Proc. 2015 Sep-Oct;36(5):e81-5. doi: 10.2500/aap.2015.36.3882.
The role of sensitization to inhalant allergens in atopic dermatitis (AD) in children is uncertain. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship of AD symptoms with sensitization to aeroallergens in Polish children ages 6-7 and 13-14 years.
Epidemiology of Allergic Disorders in Poland is a randomized study with medical examination according to the ECRHS II and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood standards in nine selected regions of Poland. We studied 6-7-year-old (n = 4510) and 13-14-year-old children (n = 4721). A total of 1583 children (25%) had a medical examination and a skin-prick test (SPT) with the 15 most common aeroallergens.
AD was diagnosed in 235 children (8.9%) (8.7%, 6-7-year-old children; 9.0%, 13-14-year-old children; 8.6% boys and 9.1% girls). AD was more frequent in urban versus rural habitants (9.6% versus 3.7%; p < 0.05) and in participants with a positive atopy history versus those without atopy (9.4% versus 5.1%; p < 0.05). Positive SPT was found in 1165 children (43.9%) (38.5% boys, 49.5% girls) and 64.72% with AD versus 41.9% without AD (p < 0.05) and more common in the rural region versus urban setting among 6-7 year-olds (71.8% versus 35.0%; p < 0.05). The most frequent allergic reaction was Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (13.5%), Dermatophagoides farina (11.7%), and grasses/crop plants (11.8%). The same pattern was seen in participants with and those without AD. Children with AD had more frequent positive SPT for all aeroallergens (p < 0.05).
AD should be more frequent in children with a positive atopy history and in children who live in the city. Aeroallergens play an essential role in pathogenesis of eczema in children. House-dust mites and grass pollen proved to be the most common relevant aeroallergens.
吸入性过敏原致敏在儿童特应性皮炎（AD）中的作用尚不确定。我们研究的目的是评估波兰6至7岁和13至14岁儿童AD症状与吸入性过敏原致敏之间的关系。
波兰过敏性疾病流行病学研究是一项随机研究，在波兰九个选定地区按照欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查II（ECRHS II）和儿童哮喘与过敏国际研究标准进行医学检查。我们研究了6至7岁儿童（n = 4510）和13至14岁儿童（n = 4721）。共有1583名儿童（25%）接受了医学检查和针对15种最常见吸入性过敏原的皮肤点刺试验（SPT）。
235名儿童（8.9%）被诊断为AD（6至7岁儿童中为8.7%；13至14岁儿童中为9.0%；男孩为8.6%，女孩为9.1%）。AD在城市居民中比农村居民更常见（9.6%对3.7%；p < 0.05），在有特应性病史的参与者中比没有特应性的参与者更常见（9.4%对5.1%；p < 0.05）。1165名儿童（43.9%）的SPT呈阳性（男孩为38.5%，女孩为49.5%），AD患儿中SPT阳性的比例为64.72%，而非AD患儿中为41.9%（p < 0.05），并且在6至7岁儿童中农村地区比城市地区更常见（71.8%对35.0%；p < 0.05）。最常见的过敏反应是屋尘螨（13.5%）、粉尘螨（11.7%）和草/农作物（11.8%）。AD患儿和非AD患儿中均呈现相同模式。AD患儿对所有吸入性过敏原的SPT阳性更为频繁（p < 0.05）。
有特应性病史的儿童以及城市儿童中AD应该更为常见。吸入性过敏原在儿童湿疹发病机制中起重要作用。屋尘螨和草花粉被证明是最常见的相关吸入性过敏原。
