Tabayoyong William, Abouassaly Robert
Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Surg Clin North Am. 2015 Oct;95(5):1023-39. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2015.05.001. Epub 2015 Jun 23.
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in men and the second leading cause of cancer death for men in the United States. Widespread use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening led to a decrease in mortality; however, PSA screening may have led to overdiagnosis and overtreatment of clinically insignificant cancers. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) released a statement recommending against the use of PSA, which was met with concern from professional organizations. This article reviews the epidemiology of prostate cancer, data from the largest screening trials, USPSTF recommendation statement, and current strategies used to improve overdiagnosis and overtreatment.
前列腺癌是男性中最常被诊断出的恶性肿瘤，也是美国男性癌症死亡的第二大主要原因。前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）筛查的广泛应用导致了死亡率的下降；然而，PSA筛查可能导致了对临床意义不大的癌症的过度诊断和过度治疗。美国预防服务工作组（USPSTF）发布了一份声明，建议不要使用PSA，这引起了专业组织的关注。本文回顾了前列腺癌的流行病学、最大规模筛查试验的数据、USPSTF的建议声明以及目前用于改善过度诊断和过度治疗的策略。
