Ha Huy, Ross Michael W, Risser Jan M H, Nguyen Huong T M
The Institute of Population, Health and Development, 18 Alley 132, Hoa Bang Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
School of Public Health, The University of Texas, Texas, TX 77030, USA.
J Sex Transm Dis. 2013;2013:174506. doi: 10.1155/2013/174506. Epub 2013 Oct 30.
Objective. To develop and assess a homosexuality-related stigma scale among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2011. We used a cross-validation approach. Factor analysis was performed, and interitem correlation matrices were constructed to identify the latent factor structures, examine the goodness of fit, and assess convergent and discriminant validity of the determined scales. Internal consistency checks were performed in split samples and whole sample, and separately for each determined factor. Results. The findings were consistent in split samples. Three homosexuality-related stigma factors were identified: enacted homosexual stigma, perceived homosexual stigma, and internalized homosexual stigma. The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis in both split samples supported the hypothesized three-factor structures (in subsamples A and B: χ (2)/degrees of freedom ratio = 1.77 and 1.59, nonnormed fit index = 0.92 and 0.94, comparative fit index = 0.93 and 0.95, and the root mean square of approximation = 0.06 and 0.05, resp.). The interitem correlation supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the scales. The reliability of the three scales indicated good consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.79-0.84) across split samples and for the whole data. Conclusion. Our scales have good psychometric properties for measuring homosexuality-related stigma. These comprehensive and practical tools are crucial not only to assess stigma against MSM and its consequence, but also to guide the development of interventions targeting MSM, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of existing stigma reduction efforts in Vietnam and other countries with similar settings.
目的。开发并评估越南河内男男性行为者（MSM）中与同性恋相关的污名量表。方法。2011年，我们在越南河内采用应答驱动抽样法进行了一项横断面研究。我们采用交叉验证方法。进行了因子分析，并构建了项目间相关矩阵，以识别潜在因子结构、检验拟合优度，并评估所确定量表的收敛效度和区分效度。在分割样本和整个样本中进行内部一致性检验，并分别针对每个确定的因子进行检验。结果。在分割样本中，研究结果是一致的。确定了三个与同性恋相关的污名因子：表现出的同性恋污名、感知到的同性恋污名和内化的同性恋污名。两个分割样本中验证性因子分析的拟合指数均支持假设的三因子结构（在子样本A和B中：χ²/自由度比分别为1.77和1.59，非规范拟合指数分别为0.92和0.94，比较拟合指数分别为0.93和0.95，近似均方根分别为0.06和0.05）。项目间相关性支持了量表的收敛效度和区分效度。这三个量表的信度表明，在分割样本和整个数据中具有良好的一致性（克朗巴哈α系数：0.79 - 0.84）。结论。我们的量表在测量与同性恋相关的污名方面具有良好的心理测量特性。这些全面且实用的工具不仅对于评估针对男男性行为者的污名及其后果至关重要，而且对于指导针对男男性行为者的干预措施的制定、评估越南及其他类似环境国家现有减少污名努力的效果也至关重要。
