Davis Arran, Taylor Jacob, Cohen Emma
Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, 64 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 6PN, United Kingdom.
Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, 64 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 6PN, United Kingdom; Wadham College, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PN, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2015 Aug 28;10(8):e0136705. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136705. eCollection 2015.
In two experimental studies, we investigated mechanisms hypothesized to underpin two pervasive and interrelated phenomena: that certain forms of group movement and exercise lead to social bonding and that social bonding can lead to enhanced exercise performance. In Study 1, we manipulated synchrony and exercise intensity among rowers and found that, compared with low intensity exercise, moderate intensity exercise led to significantly higher levels of cooperation in an economic game; no effect of synchrony vs. non-synchrony was found. In Study 2, we investigated the effects of bonding on performance, using synchrony as a cue of existing supportive social bonds among participants. An elite, highly bonded team of rugby players participated in solo, synchronized, and non-synchronized warm-up sessions; participants' anaerobic performance significantly improved after the brief synchronous warm-up relative to the non-synchronous warm-up. The findings substantiate claims concerning the reciprocal links between group exercise and social bonding, and may help to explain the ubiquity of collective physical activity across cultural domains as varied as play, ritual, sport, and dance.
在两项实验研究中，我们探究了被认为是支撑两种普遍且相互关联现象的机制：特定形式的群体运动和锻炼会导致社会联结，以及社会联结会导致运动表现增强。在研究1中，我们对赛艇运动员的同步性和运动强度进行了操控，发现与低强度运动相比，中等强度运动在经济博弈中导致了显著更高水平的合作；未发现同步与不同步之间的影响。在研究2中，我们以同步性作为参与者之间现有支持性社会联结的线索，研究了联结对表现的影响。一支精英的、高度联结的橄榄球队员参加了单独、同步和不同步的热身训练；相对于不同步热身，短暂的同步热身之后参与者的无氧表现显著提高。这些发现证实了关于群体运动与社会联结之间相互联系的说法，并可能有助于解释集体体育活动在诸如游戏、仪式、运动和舞蹈等不同文化领域中的普遍性。
