Lim Hui Jun, Yang Jia-Lin
Sarcoma and Nano-oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Sarcoma and Nano-oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016 Jan;97:118-30. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.08.001. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded noncoding RNAs involved in various biological processes, including cell differentiation and development. They play multiple key roles as tumour suppressors, oncogenes or both in particular cases. This review aims to summarise current findings of the expression of miRNAs and their role in clinical oncology. Current knowledge regarding the involvement of miRNAs in different sarcoma subtypes will be assessed, in conjunction with their potential application as therapeutic targets.
Relevant articles in scientific databases were identified using a combination of search terms, including "microRNA," "deregulation," "sarcoma," and "targeted therapy". These databases included Medline, Embase, Cochrane Review, Pubmed and Scopus.
Aberrant miRNA expression patterns have been identified in a range of sarcoma subtypes, and differences in miRNA expression profiles between malignant cells and their normal counterparts suggests that miRNAs play key roles in sarcoma development. The identification of unique miRNA patterns in individual tumour types could possibly be used as a diagnostic tool in sarcoma. Moreover, identification of these miRNAs provides novel targets for the development of therapeutic strategies in distinct sarcoma subtypes.
miRNAs hold significant potential as diagnostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets in sarcoma. Possible future clinical applications include the use of miRNA pathways as therapeutic targets or miRNA expression profiling as a means of patient selection. The involvement miRNAs will undoubtedly contribute to the advancement of future targeted therapeutic interventions in sarcoma, and further establishment of appropriate delivery systems is vital for their use in clinical settings.
微小RNA（miRNA）是参与包括细胞分化和发育在内的各种生物学过程的单链非编码RNA。在特定情况下，它们作为肿瘤抑制因子、癌基因或兼具两者发挥多种关键作用。本综述旨在总结miRNA表达的当前研究结果及其在临床肿瘤学中的作用。将评估关于miRNA参与不同肉瘤亚型的现有知识，以及它们作为治疗靶点的潜在应用。
使用包括“微小RNA”“失调”“肉瘤”和“靶向治疗”等搜索词组合在科学数据库中识别相关文章。这些数据库包括医学索引数据库、荷兰医学文摘数据库、考克兰系统评价数据库、美国国立医学图书馆国立生物技术信息中心的生物医学文献数据库和Scopus数据库。
在一系列肉瘤亚型中已鉴定出异常的miRNA表达模式，恶性细胞与其正常对应物之间miRNA表达谱的差异表明miRNA在肉瘤发展中起关键作用。在个体肿瘤类型中鉴定独特的miRNA模式可能用作肉瘤的诊断工具。此外，鉴定这些miRNA为不同肉瘤亚型的治疗策略开发提供了新的靶点。
miRNA作为肉瘤的诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点具有巨大潜力。未来可能的临床应用包括将miRNA途径用作治疗靶点或使用miRNA表达谱分析作为患者选择的手段。miRNA的参与无疑将有助于未来肉瘤靶向治疗干预的进展，进一步建立合适的递送系统对其在临床环境中的应用至关重要。
