[Pericarditis caused by cholesterol. Apropos of a clinical case].

A case of a 76 year-old woman with a large pericardial effusion is described. The microscopic examination of the scintillating, yellow-greenish fluid obtained by the first pericardiocentesis, showed numerous crystals of cholesterol. In search of the underlying diseases there were found values of T3, T4 and TSH diagnostic of hypothyroidism. Considering the rapid relapse of the effusion and after a second pericardiocentesis, it was decided to open a pleuro-pericardial window. The biopsy of the pericardium showed deposits of cholesterol on electronics microscopy. She was discharged from hospital two weeks after surgery, showing an evident clinical improvement. Six months later she was feeling well, keeping a normal activity for her age. The values of T3, T4 and TSH were normal, and there were no echocardiographic signs of pericardial effusion. It is presented a rare case of cholesterol pericarditis associated to sub-clinical hypothyroidism, showing the presence of cholesterol, as crystals in the pericardial effusion and, we think for the first time in this pathology, in vesicles of pinocytosis, in the pericardial biopsy. The six months period of follow-up showed a good clinical improvement with the selected therapeutic attitude.