Huss Anne R, Cochrane Roger A, Deliephan Aiswariya, Stark Charles R, Jones Cassandra K
Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, 201 Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
J Food Prot. 2015 Sep;78(9):1682-8. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-052.
Animal feed and ingredients are potential vectors of pathogenic bacteria. Contaminated ingredients can contaminate facility equipment, leading to cross-contamination of other products. This experiment was conducted to evaluate a standardized protocol for decontamination of an animal feed manufacturing facility using Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 31282) as an indicator. A pelleted swine diet inoculated with E. faecium was manufactured, and environmental samples (swabs, replicate organism detection and counting plates, and air samples) were collected (i) before inoculation (baseline data), (ii) after production of inoculated feed, (iii) after physical removal of organic material using pressurized air, (iv) after application of a chemical sanitizer containing a quaternary ammonium-glutaraldehyde blend, (v) after application of a chemical sanitizer containing sodium hypochlorite, (vi) after facility heat-up to 60 8 C for 24 h, (vii) for 48 h, and (viii) for 72 h. Air samples collected outside the facility confirmed pathogen containment; E. faecium levels were equal to or lower than baseline levels at each sample location. The decontamination step and its associated interactions were the only variables that affected E. faecium incidence (P < 0.0001 versus P > 0.22). After production of the inoculated diet, 85.7% of environmental samples were positive for E. faecium. Physical cleaning of equipment had no effect on contamination (P = 0.32). Chemical cleaning with a quaternary ammonium-glutaraldehyde blend and sodium hypochlorite each significantly reduced E. faecium contamination (P < 0.0001) to 28.6 and 2.4% of tested surfaces, respectively. All samples were negative for E. faecium after 48 h of heating. Both wet chemical cleaning and facility heating but not physical cleaning resulted in substantial E. faecium decontamination. These results confirmed both successful containment and decontamination of biological pathogens in the tested pilot-scale feed mill.
动物饲料和饲料原料是病原菌的潜在传播媒介。受污染的原料会污染生产设施设备，导致其他产品的交叉污染。本实验旨在评估一种以粪肠球菌（ATCC 31282）为指示菌的动物饲料生产设施去污标准化方案。制备了接种粪肠球菌的颗粒状猪饲料，并在以下阶段收集环境样本（拭子、重复生物体检测和计数平板以及空气样本）：（i）接种前（基线数据），（ii）接种饲料生产后，（iii）使用压缩空气物理去除有机物质后，（iv）应用含季铵盐 - 戊二醛混合物的化学消毒剂后，（v）应用含次氯酸钠的化学消毒剂后，（vi）设施加热至60℃持续24小时后，（vii）持续48小时后，以及（viii）持续72小时后。在设施外部收集的空气样本证实了病原体被控制在设施内；每个样本位置的粪肠球菌水平等于或低于基线水平。去污步骤及其相关相互作用是影响粪肠球菌发生率的唯一变量（P < 0.0001对比P > 0.22）。接种饲料生产后，85.7%的环境样本粪肠球菌呈阳性。设备的物理清洁对污染没有影响（P = 0.32）。用季铵盐 - 戊二醛混合物和次氯酸钠进行化学清洁分别将粪肠球菌污染显著降低（P < 0.0001）至测试表面的28.6%和2.4%。加热48小时后所有样本的粪肠球菌均为阴性。湿化学清洁和设施加热而非物理清洁均导致粪肠球菌大量减少。这些结果证实了在测试中试规模饲料厂生物病原体得到了成功控制和去污。
