Klomjai Wanalee, Katz Rose, Lackmy-Vallée Alexandra
Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, 73170 Nakonpathom, Thailand.
UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Inserm, laboratoire d'imagerie biomédicale, Sorbonne universités, 75013 Paris, France; Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, France.
Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2015 Sep;58(4):208-213. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.05.005. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS) are indirect and non-invasive methods used to induce excitability changes in the motor cortex via a wire coil generating a magnetic field that passes through the scalp. Today, TMS has become a key method to investigate brain functioning in humans. Moreover, because rTMS can lead to long-lasting after-effects in the brain, it is thought to be able to induce plasticity. This tool appears to be a potential therapy for neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying the effects induced by TMS and rTMS have not yet been clearly identified. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the main knowledge available for TMS and rTMS to allow for understanding their mode of action and to specify the different parameters that influence their effects. This review takes an inventory of the most-used rTMS paradigms in clinical research and exhibits the hypotheses commonly assumed to explain rTMS after-effects.
经颅磁刺激（TMS）和重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）是间接的非侵入性方法，通过一个产生穿过头皮的磁场的线圈来诱导运动皮层的兴奋性变化。如今，TMS已成为研究人类大脑功能的关键方法。此外，由于rTMS可在大脑中产生持久的后效应，人们认为它能够诱导可塑性。这个工具似乎是治疗神经和精神疾病的一种潜在疗法。然而，TMS和rTMS所诱导效应的生理机制尚未明确。本综述的目的是总结关于TMS和rTMS的主要现有知识，以便理解它们的作用方式，并明确影响其效应的不同参数。本综述盘点了临床研究中最常用的rTMS范式，并展示了通常用于解释rTMS后效应的假设。
