Whited William H, Wagar Laura, Mandracchia Jon T, Morgan Robert D
1 The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA.
2 Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, USA.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2017 Apr;61(5):491-507. doi: 10.1177/0306624X15599605. Epub 2016 Jul 28.
Meta-analyses examining the risk factors for recidivism have identified the importance of ties with criminal associates as well as thoughts and attitudes conducive to the continuance of criminal behavior (e.g., criminogenic thinking). Criminologists have theorized that a direct relationship exists between the association with criminal peers and the development of criminogenic thinking. The present study empirically explored the relationship between criminal associates and criminogenic thinking in 595 adult male inmates in the United States. It was hypothesized that the proportion of free time spent with and number of criminal associates would be associated with criminogenic thinking, as measured by two self-report instruments, the Measure of Offender Thinking Styles-Revised (MOTS-R) and the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS). Hierarchal linear regression analyses demonstrated that the proportion of free time spent with criminal associates statistically predicted criminogenic thinking when controlling for demographic variables. The implications of these findings on correctional practice (including assessment and intervention) as well as future research are discussed.
考察累犯风险因素的荟萃分析已经确定了与犯罪同伙的关系以及有利于犯罪行为持续的思想和态度（如犯罪ogenic思维）的重要性。犯罪学家提出理论，认为与犯罪同龄人交往与犯罪ogenic思维的发展之间存在直接关系。本研究对美国595名成年男性囚犯中犯罪同伙与犯罪ogenic思维之间的关系进行了实证探索。研究假设，与犯罪同伙共度的自由时间比例和犯罪同伙的数量将与犯罪ogenic思维相关，这通过两种自我报告工具进行衡量，即修订后的罪犯思维方式量表（MOTS-R）和犯罪思维方式心理量表（PICTS）。分层线性回归分析表明，在控制人口统计学变量时，与犯罪同伙共度的自由时间比例在统计上预测了犯罪ogenic思维。讨论了这些发现对矫正实践（包括评估和干预）以及未来研究的影响。
