Ehsan Md Amimul, Casaert Stijn, Levecke Bruno, Van Rooy Liesbet, Pelicaen Joachim, Smis Anne, De Backer Joke, Vervaeke Bart, De Smedt Sandra, Schoonbaert Filip, Lammens Saskia, Warmoes Thierry, Geurden Thomas, Claerebout Edwin
Laboratory for Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium E-mail:
Agency for Care and Health, Flemish Ministry for Welfare, Public Health and Family, Brussels, Belgium.
J Water Health. 2015 Sep;13(3):870-8. doi: 10.2166/wh.2015.268.
The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in different recreational water bodies in Belgium and to estimate the infection risk associated with swimming and other recreational activities. Cryptosporidium oocysts and/or Giardia cysts were detected in three out of 37 swimming pools, seven out of 10 recreational lakes, two out of seven splash parks and four out of 16 water fountains. In the swimming pools no infection risk for Cryptosporidium could be calculated, since oocysts were only detected in filter backwash water. The risk of Giardia infection in the swimming pools varied from 1.13×10(-6) to 2.49×10(-6) per swim per person. In recreational lakes, the infection risk varied from 2.79×10(-5) to 5.74×10(-5) per swim per person for Cryptosporidium and from 7.04×10(-5) to 1.46×10(-4) for Giardia. For other outdoor water recreation activities the estimated infection risk was 5.71×10(-6) for Cryptosporidium and 1.47×10(-5) for Giardia. However, most positive samples in the recreational lakes belonged to species/genotypes that are either animal-specific or predominantly found in animals. No Cryptosporidium was found in splash parks and water fountains, but the presence of Giardia cysts suggests a risk for human infection. The infection risk of Giardia infection during a 3.5-minute visit to a splash park for children equalled 1.68×10(-4).
本研究的目的是调查比利时不同休闲水体中隐孢子虫和贾第虫的存在情况，并估计与游泳及其他休闲活动相关的感染风险。在37个游泳池中的3个、10个休闲湖泊中的7个、7个水上乐园中的2个以及16个喷泉中的4个检测到了隐孢子虫卵囊和/或贾第虫包囊。在游泳池中，由于仅在过滤器反冲洗水中检测到卵囊，因此无法计算隐孢子虫的感染风险。游泳池中贾第虫感染风险为每人每次游泳1.13×10(-6)至2.49×10(-6)。在休闲湖泊中，隐孢子虫的感染风险为每人每次游泳2.79×10(-5)至5.74×10(-5)，贾第虫的感染风险为7.04×10(-5)至1.46×10(-4)。对于其他户外水上休闲活动，隐孢子虫的估计感染风险为5.71×10(-6)，贾第虫为1.47×10(-5)。然而，休闲湖泊中大多数阳性样本属于特定动物种类或主要在动物中发现的基因型。在水上乐园和喷泉中未发现隐孢子虫，但贾第虫包囊的存在表明存在人类感染风险。儿童在水上乐园游玩3.5分钟期间贾第虫感染风险为1.68×10(-4)。
