Fujimaki Shin, Wakabayashi Tamami, Takemasa Tohru, Asashima Makoto, Kuwabara Tomoko
Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Science City, and Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, Japan.
Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, Japan.
Histol Histopathol. 2015 Dec;30(12):1411-30. doi: 10.14670/HH-11-657. Epub 2015 Aug 31.
Aging is an inevitable physiological process that leads to the dysfunction of various tissues, and these changes may contribute to certain diseases, and ultimately death. Recent research has discovered biological pathways that promote aging. This review focuses on Wnt signaling, Wnt is a highly conserved secreted signaling molecule that plays an essential role in the development and function of various tissues, and is a notable factor that regulates aging. Although Wnt signaling influences aging in various tissues, its effects are particularly prominent in neuronal tissue and skeletal muscle. In neuronal tissue, neurogenesis is attenuated by the downregulation of Wnt signaling with aging. Skeletal muscle can also become weaker with aging, in a process known as sarcopenia. A notable cause of sarcopenia is the myogenic-to-fibrogenic trans-differentiation of satellite cells by excessive upregulation of Wnt signaling with aging, resulting in the impaired regenerative capacity of aged skeletal muscle. However, exercise is very useful for preventing the age-related alterations in neuronal tissue and skeletal muscle. Upregulation of Wnt signaling is implicated in the positive effects of exercise, resulting in the activation of neurogenesis in adult neuronal tissue and myogenesis in mature skeletal muscle. Although more investigations are required to thoroughly understand age-related changes and their biological mechanisms in a variety of tissues, this review proposes exercise as a useful therapy for the elderly, to prevent the negative effects of aging and maintain their quality of life.
衰老 是一个不可避免的生理过程，会导致各种组织功能失调，这些变化可能引发某些疾病，并最终导致死亡。最近的研究发现了促进衰老的生物学途径。本综述聚焦于Wnt信号通路，Wnt是一种高度保守的分泌型信号分子，在各种组织的发育和功能中发挥着重要作用，是调节衰老的一个显著因素。尽管Wnt信号通路在各种组织中都会影响衰老，但其在神经组织和骨骼肌中的作用尤为突出。在神经组织中，随着衰老，Wnt信号通路下调会导致神经发生减弱。骨骼肌也会随着衰老而变弱，这一过程称为肌肉减少症。肌肉减少症的一个显著原因是随着衰老Wnt信号通路过度上调，卫星细胞发生从生肌到成纤维的转分化，导致老年骨骼肌再生能力受损。然而，运动对于预防神经组织和骨骼肌的年龄相关改变非常有用。Wnt信号通路的上调与运动的积极作用有关，可导致成年神经组织中的神经发生以及成熟骨骼肌中的肌发生被激活。尽管需要更多研究来全面了解各种组织中与年龄相关的变化及其生物学机制，但本综述提出运动是一种对老年人有用的治疗方法，可预防衰老的负面影响并维持他们的生活质量。
