Xuereb M, Sorrentino F, Damidot D, Camilleri Josette
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Mater Dei Hospital, University of Malta Medical School, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta.
Mineral Research Processing, Meyzieu, France.
Clin Oral Investig. 2016 Jun;20(5):967-82. doi: 10.1007/s00784-015-1578-1. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
All implants, bone and endodontic cements need to be sufficiently radiopaque to be able to be distinguished from neighbouring anatomical structures post-operatively. For this purpose, radiopacifying materials are added to the cements to render them sufficiently radiopaque. Bismuth oxide has been quite a popular choice of radiopacifier in endodontic materials. It has been shown to cause dental discoloration. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize and assess the properties of tricalcium silicate cement with alternative radiopacifiers, which are either inter-ground or sintered to the tricalcium silicate cement.
Custom-made endodontic cements based on tricalcium silicate and 20 % barium, calcium or strontium zirconate, which were either inter-ground or sintered at high temperatures, were produced. The set materials stored for 28 days in Hank's balanced salt solution were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Assessment of pH, leaching, interaction with physiological solution, radiopacity, setting time, compressive strength and material porosity were investigated. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus was used as control.
Addition of radiopacifying materials improved the radiopacity of the material. The sintered cements exhibited the formation of calcium zirconate together with the respective radiopacifier phase. All materials produced calcium hydroxide on hydration, which interacted with tissue fluids forming hydroxyapatite on the material surface. The physical properties of the tricalcium silicate-based cements were comparable to MTA Angelus.
A novel method of producing radiopaque tricalcium silicate-based cements was demonstrated. The novel materials exhibited properties, which were either comparable or else improved over the control.
The novel materials can be used to replace MTA for root-end filling, perforation repair and other clinical applications where MTA is indicated.
所有植入物、骨水泥和牙髓水泥都需要具有足够的射线不透性，以便术后能够与相邻的解剖结构区分开来。为此，需向水泥中添加射线阻射材料，使其具有足够的射线不透性。氧化铋一直是牙髓材料中颇受欢迎的射线阻射剂选择。已证明它会导致牙齿变色。本研究的目的是开发、表征和评估含有替代射线阻射剂的硅酸三钙水泥的性能，这些射线阻射剂要么与硅酸三钙水泥共磨，要么烧结到硅酸三钙水泥上。
制备了基于硅酸三钙和20%锆酸钡、锆酸钙或锆酸锶的定制牙髓水泥，这些水泥要么共磨，要么在高温下烧结。将凝固后的材料在汉克平衡盐溶液中储存28天，通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析对其进行表征。研究了pH值、浸出情况、与生理溶液的相互作用、射线不透性、凝固时间、抗压强度和材料孔隙率。使用矿物三氧化物凝聚体（MTA）Angelus作为对照。
添加射线阻射材料提高了材料的射线不透性。烧结后的水泥呈现出锆酸钙与各自射线阻射剂相的形成。所有材料水化时都会产生氢氧化钙，氢氧化钙与组织液相互作用，在材料表面形成羟基磷灰石。硅酸三钙基水泥的物理性能与MTA Angelus相当。
展示了一种生产具有射线不透性的硅酸三钙基水泥的新方法。这些新型材料的性能与对照材料相当或有所改进。
这些新型材料可用于替代MTA进行根尖充填、穿孔修复以及其他需要使用MTA的临床应用。
