Kim Hye-In, Jang Young-Eun, Kim Yemi, Kim Bom Sahn
Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Apr 22;17(8):1932. doi: 10.3390/ma17081932.
We compared the effects of heat on the physicochemical properties of recently developed calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBSs), including BioRoot Flow, BioRoot RCS, and AH Plus Bioceramic sealer, with those of the epoxy-resin-based sealer (ERBS) AH Plus.
The flow, film thickness, setting time, and solubility of sealers were evaluated at 37 °C and 100 °C using ISO 6876/2012. Furthermore, pH and calcium ion release were evaluated at these temperatures. In addition, the mass change in sealers at a high temperature was assessed via thermogravimetric analysis. Then, the chemical composition and components of the sealers were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
BioRoot Flow, AH Plus Bioceramic, and AH Plus complied with ISO standards in terms of flow and film thickness, both before and after heat application. However, BioRoot RCS exhibited significantly increased film thickness at 100 °C. The setting times of all sealers were significantly reduced at 100 °C. The solubility of CSBS was >3%, exceeding the ISO 6876/2012 standard, both before and after heat exposure. Conversely, the solubility of AH Plus complied with the standard, regardless of the thermal condition. For 4 weeks, CSBS showed a significantly higher pH than AH Plus at both 37 °C and 100 °C. After heat treatment, calcium release decreased in Bioroot RCS and BioRoot Flow, while AH Plus showed no significant differences before and after treatment. However, CSBS consistently exhibited significantly higher calcium release than AH Plus at both temperatures. An FTIR analysis revealed that the chemical composition of the sealers did not change at the high temperature, whereas a thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated a >5% weight reduction in CSBS and a 0.005% weight reduction in AH Plus at 100 °C.
BioRoot Flow, AH Plus Bioceramic, and AH Plus possess favorable physicochemical properties, which make them suitable for application under thermal conditions. At a high temperature, BioRoot RCS did not exhibit changes in its chemical composition. However, its film thickness was increased, and pH and solubility were reduced. Therefore, caution is needed when it is applied at high temperatures, such as during the warm obturation technique.
我们比较了热对最近开发的硅酸钙基封闭剂（CSBSs），包括BioRoot Flow、BioRoot RCS和AH Plus生物陶瓷封闭剂，与环氧树脂基封闭剂（ERBS）AH Plus物理化学性质的影响。
使用ISO 6876/2012在37℃和100℃下评估封闭剂的流动性、薄膜厚度、凝固时间和溶解度。此外，在这些温度下评估pH值和钙离子释放。另外，通过热重分析评估封闭剂在高温下的质量变化。然后，使用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析封闭剂的化学成分和成分。
BioRoot Flow、AH Plus生物陶瓷封闭剂和AH Plus在加热前后的流动性和薄膜厚度方面均符合ISO标准。然而，BioRoot RCS在100℃时薄膜厚度显著增加。所有封闭剂在100℃时的凝固时间均显著缩短。CSBS的溶解度在热暴露前后均>3%，超过了ISO 6876/2012标准。相反，无论热条件如何，AH Plus的溶解度均符合标准。在37℃和100℃下4周，CSBS的pH值均显著高于AH Plus。热处理后，Bioroot RCS和BioRoot Flow中的钙释放减少，而AH Plus在处理前后无显著差异。然而，在两个温度下，CSBS的钙释放始终显著高于AH Plus。FTIR分析表明，封闭剂的化学成分在高温下没有变化，而热重分析表明，在100℃时CSBS的重量减少>5%，AH Plus的重量减少0.005%。
BioRoot Flow、AH Plus生物陶瓷封闭剂和AH Plus具有良好的物理化学性质，使其适合在热条件下应用。在高温下，BioRoot RCS的化学成分没有变化。然而，其薄膜厚度增加，pH值和溶解度降低。因此，在高温下应用时，如在热牙胶充填技术中，需要谨慎使用。
