Aiuppa Alessandro, Fiorani Luca, Santoro Simone, Parracino Stefano, Nuvoli Marcello, Chiodini Giovanni, Minopoli Carmine, Tamburello Giancarlo
Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via la Malfa 143, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2015 Sep 1;5:13614. doi: 10.1038/srep13614.
There have been substantial advances in the ability to monitor the activity of hazardous volcanoes in recent decades. However, obtaining early warning of eruptions remains challenging, because the patterns and consequences of volcanic unrests are both complex and nonlinear. Measuring volcanic gases has long been a key aspect of volcano monitoring since these mobile fluids should reach the surface long before the magma. There has been considerable progress in methods for remote and in-situ gas sensing, but measuring the flux of volcanic CO2-the most reliable gas precursor to an eruption-has remained a challenge. Here we report on the first direct quantitative measurements of the volcanic CO2 flux using a newly designed differential absorption lidar (DIAL), which were performed at the restless Campi Flegrei volcano. We show that DIAL makes it possible to remotely obtain volcanic CO2 flux time series with a high temporal resolution (tens of minutes) and accuracy (<30%). The ability of this lidar to remotely sense volcanic CO2 represents a major step forward in volcano monitoring, and will contribute improved volcanic CO2 flux inventories. Our results also demonstrate the unusually strong degassing behavior of Campi Flegrei fumaroles in the current ongoing state of unrest.
近几十年来，在监测危险火山活动的能力方面取得了重大进展。然而，获得火山喷发的早期预警仍然具有挑战性，因为火山动荡的模式和后果既复杂又非线性。长期以来，测量火山气体一直是火山监测的一个关键方面，因为这些流动的流体应该比岩浆更早到达地表。在远程和现场气体传感方法方面已经取得了相当大的进展，但测量火山二氧化碳通量——喷发最可靠的气体前兆——仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们报告了首次使用新设计的差分吸收激光雷达（DIAL）对坎皮佛莱格瑞活火山进行的火山二氧化碳通量直接定量测量。我们表明，DIAL能够以高时间分辨率（几十分钟）和高精度（<30%）远程获取火山二氧化碳通量时间序列。这种激光雷达远程探测火山二氧化碳的能力代表了火山监测向前迈出的重要一步，并将有助于改进火山二氧化碳通量清单。我们的结果还表明，在当前持续动荡的状态下，坎皮佛莱格瑞火山喷气孔的脱气行为异常强烈。
