Akın Yiğit, Uçar Murat, Yücel Selçuk
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey.
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
Turk J Urol. 2013 Dec;39(4):253-63. doi: 10.5152/tud.2013.063.
Although the prevalence of urolithiasis is nearly 2-3% in childhood, the risk of recurrence may range from 6.5-54%. There has been an increase in urinary stone disease among pediatric age groups, and stone disease has a multifactorial etiology. After the diagnosis, detailed metabolic evaluation is required. High recurrence rates, therapeutic irregularities and deficiency in diagnosis may lead to comorbidities such as loss of kidney function. Following diagnosis, the requirement for surgery, such as stone extraction and correction of anatomical anomalies, is determined. Medical and supportive treatments are also needed to prevent recurrence and urinary tract infections and to preserve renal function. Supportive care includes increased fluid intake and dietary modifications. Medical treatment is dependent on the cause of the urinary stone disease. The morbidities associated with pediatric urolithiasis can be prevented by early diagnosis, detailed metabolic analysis, regular follow-up and medical treatment protocols.
尽管儿童期尿石症的患病率接近2%-3%，但其复发风险可能在6.5%-54%之间。小儿年龄段的尿路结石病有所增加，且结石病病因是多因素的。诊断后，需要进行详细的代谢评估。高复发率、治疗不规范及诊断不足可能导致诸如肾功能丧失等合并症。诊断后，确定是否需要进行手术，如取石及纠正解剖异常。还需要药物和支持性治疗以预防复发和尿路感染并保护肾功能。支持性护理包括增加液体摄入量和调整饮食。药物治疗取决于尿路结石病的病因。通过早期诊断、详细的代谢分析、定期随访和药物治疗方案，可以预防与小儿尿石症相关的发病情况。
