Chen Sheng, Ma Xiaohan, Guo Lin, Wang Shuaikang, Wu Junchao, Wu Lingling, Zhang Ting, Gao Hongjun
Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Front Pediatr. 2025 Mar 25;13:1529407. doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1529407. eCollection 2025.
Pediatric stone disease, once considered rare, has gained significant attention over the past decade owing to its rapidly increasing incidence. Despite this surge, a comprehensive evaluation of this burden is lacking.
This study aimed to estimate the burden of pediatric stone disease, stratified by age and sex, at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021.
Data on the global incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) related to pediatric stone disease from 1990 to 2021 were collected. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) quantified the disease trends over this period. Additionally, the relationship between disease burden and factors such as age and sociodemographic index (SDI) levels was analyzed. A Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model was employed to project the future burden from 2022 to 2041.
In 2021, there were 3,289,663 cases of pediatric stone disease worldwide (95% UI: 1,724,296 to 5,384,797), resulting in 66 deaths (95% UI: 43 to 94) and 14,230 disabilities (95% UI: 9,264 to 21,569). Regionally, South Asia reported the highest incidence, mortality, and DALYs based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) classifications. Age-standardized morbidity (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality (ASDR) are highest in Eastern Europe, while age-standardized mortality (ASMR) is 0 in all regions of the world. At the country level, India recorded the highest incidence, mortality, and DALYs for pediatric stone disease in 2021. Armenia had the highest ASIR, while 28 countries, including Afghanistan, Armenia, and Brazil, reported the highest ASMR. Armenia and Kazakhstan recorded the highest ASDR. The disease burden was most pronounced among children aged 15-19 years, with boys being more affected than girls. These findings have significant global implications. Projections indicate that by 2041, the burden of pediatric stone disease will decline, although boys will continue to be more affected than girls.
From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of pediatric stone disease, adjusted for age, has decreased. However, regional variations persist, with some areas experiencing an increase in burden. This underscores the importance of ongoing monitoring to effectively reduce the overall impact of pediatric stone diseases.
小儿结石病曾被认为较为罕见，但在过去十年中，由于其发病率迅速上升，已引起了广泛关注。尽管发病率有所激增，但目前仍缺乏对这一疾病负担的全面评估。
本研究旨在估计1990年至2021年全球、区域和国家层面按年龄和性别分层的小儿结石病负担。
收集了1990年至2021年全球与小儿结石病相关的发病率、死亡人数和伤残调整生命年（DALY）数据。估计年度百分比变化（EAPC）量化了这一时期的疾病趋势。此外，还分析了疾病负担与年龄和社会人口指数（SDI）水平等因素之间的关系。采用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列（BAPC）模型预测2022年至2041年的未来负担。
2021年，全球小儿结石病病例数为3289663例（95%不确定区间：1724296至5384797例），导致66例死亡（95%不确定区间：43至94例）和14230例残疾（95%不确定区间：9264至21569例）。根据全球疾病负担（GBD）分类，南亚地区报告的发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年最高。东欧的年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）和年龄标准化死亡率（ASDR）最高，而全球所有地区的年龄标准化伤残调整生命率（ASMR）均为0。在国家层面，印度在2021年小儿结石病的发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年方面均居首位。亚美尼亚的ASIR最高，而包括阿富汗、亚美尼亚和巴西在内的28个国家报告的ASMR最高。亚美尼亚和哈萨克斯坦的ASDR最高。疾病负担在15至19岁的儿童中最为明显，男孩受影响的程度高于女孩。这些发现具有重大的全球意义。预测表明，到2041年，小儿结石病的负担将有所下降，尽管男孩受影响的程度仍将高于女孩。
从1990年到2021年，经年龄调整后的全球小儿结石病负担有所下降。然而，区域差异依然存在，一些地区的负担有所增加。这凸显了持续监测对于有效降低小儿结石病总体影响的重要性。
