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如何撰写科学文章的材料与方法部分?

How to write a materials and methods section of a scientific article?

作者信息

Erdemir Fikret

机构信息

Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.

出版信息

Turk J Urol. 2013 Sep;39(Suppl 1):10-5. doi: 10.5152/tud.2013.047.

Abstract

In contrast to past centuries, scientific researchers have been currently conducted systematically in all countries as part of an education strategy. As a consequence, scientists have published thousands of reports. Writing an effective article is generally a significant problem for researchers. All parts of an article, specifically the abstract, material and methods, results, discussion and references sections should contain certain features that should always be considered before sending a manuscript to a journal for publication. It is generally known that the material and methods section is a relatively easy section of an article to write. Therefore, it is often a good idea to begin by writing the materials and methods section, which is also a crucial part of an article. Because "reproducible results" are very important in science, a detailed account of the study should be given in this section. If the authors provide sufficient detail, other scientists can repeat their experiments to verify their findings. It is generally recommended that the materials and methods should be written in the past tense, either in active or passive voice. In this section, ethical approval, study dates, number of subjects, groups, evaluation criteria, exclusion criteria and statistical methods should be described sequentially. It should be noted that a well-written materials and methods section markedly enhances the chances of an article being published.

摘要

与过去几个世纪不同,目前科学研究在所有国家都作为教育战略的一部分系统地开展。因此,科学家们发表了数千份报告。撰写一篇有效的文章对研究人员来说通常是一个重大问题。一篇文章的所有部分,特别是摘要、材料与方法、结果、讨论和参考文献部分,在将稿件提交给期刊发表之前,都应具备某些始终需要考虑的特征。众所周知,材料与方法部分是文章中相对容易撰写的部分。因此,通常先撰写材料与方法部分是个好主意,这也是文章的关键部分。由于“可重复的结果”在科学中非常重要,所以在这部分应详细说明研究情况。如果作者提供足够的细节,其他科学家就能重复他们的实验来验证研究结果。一般建议材料与方法部分用过去时态撰写,可采用主动语态或被动语态。在这部分,应依次描述伦理批准、研究日期、受试者数量、分组、评估标准、排除标准和统计方法。需要注意的是,精心撰写的材料与方法部分能显著提高文章发表的几率。

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