Oh Hyun A, Kim Dae-Eung, Choi Hyuck Jai, Kim Nam Jae, Kim Dong-Hyun
Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2015;38(9):1415-9. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00230.
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. MEYER, Araliaceae), which contains protopanaxadiol-type and protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides, has been used for inflammation, fatigue, stress, and tumor in Asian countries. Orally administered ginsenosides are metabolized to their aglycones 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) by gut microbiota. However, their anti-fatigue effects have not been studied thoroughly. Therefore, we investigated the anti-fatigue activities of PPD and PPT in mice, using the weight-loaded swimming (WLS) and the rota-rod tests. Ginseng water extract (GW), ginseng saponin fraction (GWS) and ginseng polysaccharide fraction (GWP) at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/kg and PPD and PPT at 5 and 10 mg/kg were orally administered to mice once daily for 5 d. GW, GWS, and PPT significantly increased the WLS time, however, GWP and PPD did not cause any significant change. PPT induced the most significant increase in WLS time. PPD (10 mg/kg) and PPT (5 and 10 mg/kg) inhibited the WLS-induced increase in corticosterone, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine levels as well as the reduction in glucose level. PPT increased the riding time in the rota-rod test, and also inhibited corticosterone, lactate, and creatinine levels. These findings suggest that the anti-fatigue effect of ginseng may be attributable to its saponins, particularly PPT, rather than to its polysaccharides.
人参（五加科人参属植物人参C.A.迈耶）含有原人参二醇型和原人参三醇型人参皂苷，在亚洲国家已被用于治疗炎症、疲劳、压力和肿瘤。口服的人参皂苷会被肠道微生物群代谢为其苷元20(S)-原人参二醇（PPD）和20(S)-原人参三醇（PPT）。然而，它们的抗疲劳作用尚未得到充分研究。因此，我们使用负重游泳（WLS）和转棒试验研究了PPD和PPT对小鼠的抗疲劳活性。将浓度为50和100mg/kg的人参水提取物（GW）、人参皂苷组分（GWS）和人参多糖组分（GWP）以及5和10mg/kg的PPD和PPT每天口服给予小鼠一次，持续5天。GW、GWS和PPT显著增加了WLS时间，然而，GWP和PPD没有引起任何显著变化。PPT使WLS时间增加最为显著。PPD（10mg/kg）和PPT（5和10mg/kg）抑制了WLS诱导的皮质酮、乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和肌酐水平的升高以及葡萄糖水平的降低。PPT增加了转棒试验中的骑行时间，并且还抑制了皮质酮、乳酸和肌酐水平。这些发现表明，人参的抗疲劳作用可能归因于其皂苷，特别是PPT，而不是其多糖。
