Matsuzaki Fumio, Shitamukai Atsunori
Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015 Sep 1;7(9):a015719. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015719.
During mammalian brain development, neural progenitor cells undergo symmetric proliferative divisions followed by asymmetric neurogenic divisions. The division mode of these self-renewing progenitors, together with the cell fate of their progeny, plays critical roles in determining the number of neurons and, ultimately, the size of the adult brain. In the past decade, remarkable progress has been made toward identifying various types of neuronal progenitors. Recent technological advances in live imaging and genetic manipulation have enabled us to link dynamic cell biological events to the molecular mechanisms that control the asymmetric divisions of self-renewing progenitors and have provided a fresh perspective on the modes of division of these progenitors. In addition, comparison of progenitor repertoires between species has provided insight into the expansion and the development of the complexity of the brain during mammalian evolution.
在哺乳动物大脑发育过程中，神经祖细胞先进行对称增殖分裂，随后进行不对称神经发生分裂。这些自我更新祖细胞的分裂模式及其子代细胞的命运，在决定神经元数量乃至最终成年大脑大小方面起着关键作用。在过去十年里，在识别各类神经元祖细胞方面取得了显著进展。实时成像和基因操作方面的最新技术进展，使我们能够将动态细胞生物学事件与控制自我更新祖细胞不对称分裂的分子机制联系起来，并为这些祖细胞的分裂模式提供了新视角。此外，对不同物种间祖细胞库的比较，为了解哺乳动物进化过程中大脑复杂性的扩展和发育提供了线索。
