Miller Daniel J, Blum Alexander B, Levine William N, Ahmad Christopher S, Popkin Charles A
Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Evergreen Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2016 Jun;44(6):1605-15. doi: 10.1177/0363546515598994. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
The preparticipation evaluation (PPE) is a widely used tool for detecting health conditions that may delay or disqualify athletic participation. The medical interview is the most valuable tool for identifying athletes who may be at increased risk for injury. Physical examination is tailored to identifying cardiac abnormalities or factors that may place an athlete at increased risk for injury. Although practiced in Europe, universal cardiac screening with electrocardiography is not currently recommended in the United States largely due to the high rate of false-positive results. Neuropsychological testing for management of concussion and laboratory testing for sickle cell trait may be indicated in select groups of athletes. Health care providers should view the PPE as a chance for anticipatory guidance and athlete-directed health counseling. Despite widespread acceptance of the PPE, the quality of such examinations varies significantly, which is an area for possible improvement and further research.
赛前评估（PPE）是一种广泛使用的工具，用于检测可能延迟或取消运动员参赛资格的健康状况。医学访谈是识别可能受伤风险增加的运动员的最有价值的工具。体格检查旨在识别心脏异常或可能使运动员受伤风险增加的因素。虽然在欧洲有实践，但目前在美国不建议进行普遍的心电图心脏筛查，主要是因为假阳性结果的发生率很高。对于特定运动员群体，可能需要进行用于管理脑震荡的神经心理测试和镰状细胞性状的实验室检测。医疗保健提供者应将赛前评估视为进行预期指导和以运动员为导向的健康咨询的机会。尽管赛前评估已被广泛接受，但此类检查的质量差异很大，这是一个可能需要改进和进一步研究的领域。
